Lessons from the 2004 Asian tsunami: Nature, prevalence and determinants of prolonged grief disorder among tsunami survivors in South Indian coastal villages. (November 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rajkumar, Anto P; Mohan, Titus SP; Tharyan, Prathap
• Is Part Of: International journal of social psychiatry. Volume 61:Number 7(2015)
• Page Start: 645
• Page End: 652
• Publication Date: 2015-11
• Subjects: Grief -- post-traumatic stress disorder -- disasters -- prevalence -- epidemiology -- regression analysis; Social psychiatry -- Periodicals; 362.205
• DOI: 10.1177/0020764015570713
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0020-7640

Abstract

Background: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD), previously called complicated grief, is associated with significant distress and long-term disability, and it may complicate assessments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic events. Methods: In order to distinguish PGD from PTSD, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among tsunami survivors in five tsunami-affected coastal villages in India, 9 months after the Asian tsunami. Results: Prevalence of PGD among 643 tsunami survivors was 14.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.5%–16.9%) and among the 351 bereaved survivors was 25.9% (95% CI: 21.3%–30.5%). Spousal bereavement, extensive damage to homes, fewer years of education, and absence of tsunami-related physical injury differentiated those with PGD, after adjusting for potential confounders ( p < .05). These factors were distinct from the factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among these survivors. Scores on the avoidance, hyper-arousal and intrusion subscales of the Impact of Events Scale–Revised were significantly lower in those with PGD alone than in those with PTSS or with both disorders. Conclusion: Our findings support the validity of PGD in a non-Western post-disaster community and its distinctness from PTSD. They have important public health implications in planning responses to natural disasters and for future revisions of diagnostic classifications.