Macromolecular Crowding May Significantly Affect the Performance of an MRI Contrast Agent: A 1H NMR Spectroscopy, Microimaging, and Fast‐Field‐Cycling NMR Relaxometry Study. Issue 4 (13th March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cheng, Ren‐Hao; Chen, Jie‐Min; Chen, Yu‐Wen; Cai, Honghao; Cui, Xiaohong; Hwang, Dennis W.; Chen, Zhong; Ding, Shangwu
• Is Part Of: ChemistryOpen. Volume 7:Issue 4(2018)
• Page Start: 288
• Page End: 296
• Publication Date: 2018-03-13
• Subjects: imaging agents -- macromolecular crowding effect -- magnetic resonance imaging -- NMR spectroscopy -- relaxivity; Chemistry -- Periodicals; 540; 540.5
• DOI: 10.1002/open.201700192
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2191-1363

Abstract

Abstract: Contrast enhancement agents are often employed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. However, the current theory on MRI contrast generation does not consider the ubiquitous presence of macromolecular crowders in biological systems, which poses the risk of inaccurate data interpretation and misdiagnosis. To address this issue, herein the macromolecular crowding effects on MRI contrast agent are investigated with the 1 H relaxation rate of water in aqueous solutions of Dotarem with different concentrations of macromolecules. Two representative macromolecular crowder systems are used: polyethylene glycol (with no specific secondary structure) and bovine serum albumin (with compact secondary and tertiary structures). The water 1 H relaxation rates in various solutions are measured in a fixed magnetic field and in variable magnetic fields. The results show significant crowding effects for both crowders. The relaxation rate is proportional to the concentration of the MRI contrast agent but shows conspicuous superlinearity with respect to the concentration of the crowder. The size of polyethylene glycol does not affect the relaxivity of water in Dotarem solutions. The above effects are verified with T 1 ‐ and T 2 ‐weighted NMR microimages. These results highlight the importance of the effect of macromolecular crowding on the MRI contrast agent and are valuable for understanding the mechanism of MRI contrast agents and designing new‐generation MRI contrast agents. Abstract : The big picture : The macromolecules in an aqueous solution of a paramagnetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent generally bring additional proton spin relaxation to the water molecules close to the paramagnetic ion leading to contrast change in the MRI images. This suggests the importance of taking into account the effect of macromolecular crowding on the performance of MRI contrast agents and image analysis and diagnosis in clinical and functional MRI.