Aldose reductase inhibition alleviates hyperglycemic effects on human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (5th June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chang, Kun-Che; Snow, Anson; LaBarbera, Daniel V.; Petrash, J. Mark
• Is Part Of: Chemico-biological interactions. Volume 234(2015)
• Page Start: 254
• Page End: 260
• Publication Date: 2015-06-05
• Subjects: AGEs advanced glycation endproducts -- AR aldose reductase -- ARI aldose reductase inhibitor -- BGG beta-glucogallin -- DR diabetic retinopathy -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase -- HG high glucose -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- MMP mitochondrial membrane potential -- PCO posterior capsule opacification -- PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells -- RECs retinal endothelial cells -- RMG retinal microglia -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- RPE retinal pigment epithelium -- UPR unfolded protein response; Aldose reductase -- High glucose -- ER stress -- Retinal pigment epithelium -- Mitochondria -- Retinal microglia; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Toxicological chemistry -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Biologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Biochimie -- Périodiques; Toxicologie biochimique -- Périodiques; 572
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0009-2797

Abstract

Abstract: Chronic hyperglycemia is an important risk factor involved in the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Among other effectors, aldose reductase (AR) has been linked to the pathogenesis of this degenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the novel AR inhibitor, beta-glucogallin (BGG), can offer protection against various hyperglycemia-induced abnormalities in human adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. AR is an enzyme that contributes to cellular stress by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under high glucose conditions. A marked decrease in cell viability (from 100% to 78%) following long-term exposure (4 days) of RPE cells to high glucose (HG) was largely prevented by siRNA-mediated knockdown of AR gene expression (from 79% to 97%) or inhibition using sorbinil (from 66% to 86%). In HG, BGG decreased sorbitol accumulation (44%), ROS production (27%) as well as ER stress (22%). Additionally, we demonstrated that BGG prevented loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) under HG exposure. We also showed that AR inhibitor pretreatment reduced retinal microglia-induced apoptosis in APRE-19 cells. These results suggest that BGG may be useful as a therapeutic agent against retinal degeneration in the diabetic eye by preventing RPE cell death.