A systematic review of socioeconomic status measurement in 13 years of U.S. injury research. (February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yuma-Guerrero, Paula; Orsi, Rebecca; Lee, Ping-Tzu; Cubbin, Catherine
• Is Part Of: Journal of safety research. Volume 64(2018)
• Page Start: 55
• Page End: 72
• Publication Date: 2018-02
• Subjects: Measurement of socioeconomic status -- Injury research methodology -- Injury -- Socioeconomic Status -- Measurement -- Methodology -- Systematic Review; Industrial safety -- Periodicals; Accidents -- Prevention -- Periodicals; Safety -- Periodicals; Accidents, Occupational -- Periodicals; Sécurité du travail -- Périodiques; Accidents -- Prévention -- Périodiques; Accidents -- Prevention; Industrial safety; Periodicals; 363.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.017
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-4375

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this review was to assess the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on injury and to evaluate how U.S. injury researchers have measured SES over the past 13 years in observational research studies. Design & methods: This systematic review included 119 US injury studies indexed in PubMed between January 1, 2002 and August 31, 2015 that used one or more individual and/or area-level measures of SES as independent variables. Study findings were compared to the results of a previous review published in 2002. Results: Findings indicate SES remains an important predictor of injury. SES was inversely related to injury in 78 (66%) of the studies; inverse relationships were more consistently found in studies of fatal injury (77.4%) than in studies of non-fatal injury (58%). Approximately two-thirds of the studies (n = 73, 61%) measured SES along a gradient and 59% used more than one measure of SES (n = 70). Studies that used a gradient measure of SES and/or more than one measure of SES identified significant relationships more often. These findings were essentially equivalent to those of a similar 2002 review (Cubbin & Smith, 2002). Conclusions: There remains a need to improve measurement of SES in injury research. Public health training programs should include best practices for measurement of SES, which include: measuring SES along a gradient, selecting SES indicators based on the injury mechanism, using the smallest geographic region possible for area-level measures, using multiple indicators when possible, and using both individual and area-level measures as both contribute independently to injury risk. Area-level indicators of SES are not accurate estimates of individual-level SES. Practical applications: Injury researchers should measure SES along a gradient and incorporate individual and area-level SES measures that are appropriate to the injury outcome under study. Highlights: This is a systematic review of 119 US injury studies, published 2002-2015. Two thirds of the studies demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between an SES indicator and injury risk. SES measurement methods were compared to the results of a previous review of injury studies, published 1960-2001. There has been essentially no change in the measurement methods for SES in US injury research from 1960-2001 to 2002-2015. Injury researchers should use multiple measures of SES, individual and area SES measures, and SES measures with 3+ categories.