Implicit and explicit anti-fat bias: The role of weight-related attitudes and beliefs. (May 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Elran-Barak, Roni; Bar-Anan, Yoav
• Is Part Of: Social science & medicine. Volume 204(2018)
• Page Start: 117
• Page End: 124
• Publication Date: 2018-05
• Subjects: Obesity -- Weight-stigma -- Anti-fat bias -- Social-identity theory -- Attribution theory -- Socio-cultural theory -- Implicit-association-test; Social medicine -- Periodicals; Medical anthropology -- Periodicals; Public health -- Periodicals; Psychology -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine sociale -- Périodiques; Anthropologie médicale -- Périodiques; Santé publique -- Périodiques; Psychologie -- Périodiques; Médecine -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 362.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.018
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0277-9536

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: The increasing prevalence of anti-fat bias in American society comes at a great cost to the health and well-being of people who are overweight or obese. A better understanding of the correlates of anti-fat bias would inform development of interventions for reducing anti-fat bias. Based on three theoretical perspectives, this study tested the relation between attitudes and beliefs about weight and anti-fat bias (implicit and explicit): (1) The belief that one is like people who are fat (social identity theory). (2) The belief that one can control her/his weight (attribution theory). And (3) the beliefs that most people prefer thin people and that weight is important (socio-cultural theory). Methods: Participants were 66, 799 volunteers (47, 265 women, mean age of 27.88 ± 11.9 years) who completed the Thin-Fat Implicit Association Test on the Project Implicit website (https://implicit.harvard.edu/ ) during 2016. Explicit anti-fat bias and weight-related attitudes and beliefs were assessed by self-report. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to examine links between weight-related attitudes and beliefs and anti-fat bias. Results: All tested weight-related attitudes and beliefs were significantly ( p < .001) correlated with explicit and implicit anti-fat bias, but some of the correlations were very weak. An examination of the relative contribution of the tested weight-related attitudes and beliefs to a model explaining anti-fat bias suggested that the strongest correlates of explicit anti-fat bias were the beliefs that weight was important (β = 0.194, p < .001), that most people prefer thin people (β = 0.177, p < .001), and that the respondent was like people who are fat (β = −0.180, p < .001). Discussion: The social-identity and socio-cultural theories may provide a stronger explanation for anti-fat bias relative to attribution theory. Future research could use longitudinal designs with more reliable measures in order to verify these cross-sectional findings. Highlights: Explicit and Implicit anti fat bias can be explained by several theoretical models. Social-identity theory's explanation of anti-fat bias is relatively strong. Socio-cultural theory's explanation of anti-fat bias is also relatively strong. Attribution theory's explanation of anti-fat bias is relatively weak.