A biological overview of Hyaluronidase: A venom enzyme and its inhibition with plants materials. (2018) - Bala, Esha
Abstract: Snakebite is an enormous cause of mortality and morbidity especially in Asia, according to WHO snakebite, is very a common acute medical emergency in most rural, tribal, hilly areas of the tropical and subtropical countries. Snake venom is very complex mixture of enzymes like phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, phosphomonoesterase, L-amino acid oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, phosphodiester, phosphomonoesterases, low molecular weight polypeptide, glycoprotein and metal ions. Hyaluronidase is one of the enzyme present in venoms of snake, leeches, scorpions, bees, caterpillars, spiders and in many others which acts as spreading factors and can cause local tissue damage like destruction of extracellular matrix and connective tissues. During envenomation, hyaluronidase activity is considered critical for the spreading of toxins and is supposed to change the integrity of extracellular matrix done by the degradation of hyaluronic acid in it. The compounds of plants which act as inhibitors are flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, synthetic compounds, antioxidants, glycosaminoglycans, glycosides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, fatty acids, anti-inflammatory drugs and other reagents. Therefore, plants constituents can be effective inhibitors of enzymes like hyaluronidase and can be used as antivenom for venomous bite.The present review attempts to establish the structure isoforms, activity, mechanism and assay of hyaluronidase enzyme and their possible natural inhibitor for the inhibition of toxins spreading during envenomation.