Graphical abstract: Abstract: The first catalytic asymmetric intramolecular 1, 6-C–H insertion reaction of α-diazo esters is described. With dirhodium(II) tetrakis[ N -phthaloyl-( S )- tert -leucinate], Rh2 ( S -PTTL)4, the C–H insertion proceeded in a chemoselective manner to give 2-alkenyltetrahydropyran-3-carboxylates with up to 95% ee and perfect cis diastereoselectivity.