Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Megakaryocytes and Platelets for Disease Modeling and Future Clinical Applications. Issue 11 (November 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Borst, Sara; Sim, Xiuli; Poncz, Mortimer; French, Deborah L.; Gadue, Paul
• Is Part Of: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. Volume 37:Issue 11(2017)
• Publication Date: 2017-11
• Subjects: blood platelets -- hematopoiesis -- humans -- induced pluripotent stem cells -- megakaryocytes; Arteriosclerosis -- Periodicals; Thrombosis -- Periodicals; Blood-vessels -- Pathophysiology -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.13
• DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309197
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1079-5642

Abstract

Abstract : Platelets, derived from megakaryocytes, are anucleate cytoplasmic discs that circulate in the blood stream and play major roles in hemostasis, inflammation, and vascular biology. Platelet transfusions are used in a variety of medical settings to prevent life-threatening thrombocytopenia because of cancer therapy, other causes of acquired or inherited thrombocytopenia, and trauma. Currently, platelets used for transfusion purposes are donor derived. However, there is a drive to generate nondonor sources of platelets to help supplement donor-derived platelets. Efforts have been made by many laboratories to generate in vitro platelets and optimize their production and quality. In vitro-derived platelets have the potential to be a safer, more uniform product, and genetic manipulation could allow for better treatment of patients who become refractory to donor-derived units. This review focuses on potential clinical applications of in vitro-derived megakaryocytes and platelets, current methods to generate and expand megakaryocytes from pluripotent stem cell sources, and the use of these cells for disease modeling.