Microbial biosynthesis and secretion of l-malic acid and its applications. (2nd January 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chi, Zhe; Wang, Zhi-Peng; Wang, Guang-Yuan; Khan, Ibrar; Chi, Zhen-Ming
• Is Part Of: Critical reviews in biotechnology. Volume 36:Number 1(2016)
• Page Start: 99
• Page End: 107
• Publication Date: 2016-01-02
• Subjects: Application -- biosynthesis -- fumurase -- l-malic acid -- one-step fermentation secretion; Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Review Literature -- Periodicals; Public Health -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Industry -- Periodicals; Biotechnology; Review Literature; Public Health; Environment; Industry; 660.6
• DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.924474
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0738-8551

Abstract

Abstract: l -Malic acid has many uses in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, chemical and medical industries. It can be produced by one-step fermentation, enzymatic transformation of fumaric acid tol -malate and acid hydrolysis of polymalic acid. However, the process for one-step fermentation is preferred as it has many advantages over any other process. The pathways ofl -malic acid biosynthesis in microorganisms are partially clear and three metabolic pathways including non-oxidative pathway, oxidative pathway and glyoxylate cycle for the production ofl -malic acid from glucose have been identified. Usually, high levels ofl -malate are produced under the nitrogen starvation conditions, l -malate, as a calcium salt, is secreted from microbial cells and CaCO3 can play an important role in calcium malate biosynthesis and regulation. However, it is still unclear how it is secreted into the medium. To enhancel -malate biosynthesis and secretion by microbial cells, it is very important to study the mechanisms ofl -malic acid biosynthesis and secretion at enzymatic and molecular levels.