Carbohydrate quality and quantity affects the composition of the red blood cell fatty acid membrane in overweight and obese individuals. Issue 2 (April 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Giardina, Simona; Sala-Vila, Aleix; Hernández-Alonso, Pablo; Calvo, Carlos; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Bulló, Mònica
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 37:Issue 2(2018)
• Page Start: 481
• Page End: 487
• Publication Date: 2018-04
• Subjects: Glycemic index -- Cell membrane -- Fatty acids -- DHA -- EPA -- Dietary intervention; ACA arachidic acid -- ADA adrenic acid -- ALA α-linolenic acid -- DGLA Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid -- DHA docosahexaenoic acid -- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid -- FA fatty acid -- LCn-3PUFA long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid -- MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid -- PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid -- RBC red blood cell -- SFA saturated fatty acid -- T2D type 2 diabetes; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Background: Cell membrane fatty acid (FA) composition may play a role in human metabolic diseases. However, the modulatory effect of nutrients other than fat is poorly explored. Objective: To investigate the effect of moderate-carbohydrate diets with different glycemic indices (GI) and a low-fat diet (LF) on red blood cell (RBC) FA membrane composition. Design: The RBC FA profile was measured in 87 subjects from the GLYNDIET study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following energy-restricted diet for 6 months: moderate-carbohydrate/low-GI diet (LGI, n = 31), moderate-carbohydrate/high-GI diet (HGI, n = 30) or LF-diet (n = 26). Results: We observed a significant increase in C20:0 and decrease in C20:3n-6 in the LGI and HGI groups compared to LF group. Compared to LF-diet, C22:4n-6 was lower after the HGI while C22:6n-3 was higher after LGI diet. Also, a tendency was found for higher concentrations of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) in LGI compared to HGI and LF groups. The intra-group analysis showed significantly increased levels of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) after LGI and HGI interventions, as well as a significant increase in C22:5n-6 and a decrease in LCn-3PUFA and omega-3-index after the LF diet. The decrease in C20:5n-3 after HGI and LF diets was also significant. Conclusion: Diets with a moderate amount of carbohydrates and healthy fat, mainly with LGI, modify the RBC fatty acid membrane composition.