Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases. (March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jha, Mithilesh Kumar; Kim, Jong-Heon; Song, Gyun Jee; Lee, Won-Ha; Lee, In-Kyu; Lee, Ho-Won; An, Seong Soo A.; Kim, SangYun; Suk, Kyoungho
• Is Part Of: Progress in neurobiology. Volume 162(2018)
• Page Start: 37
• Page End: 69
• Publication Date: 2018-03
• Subjects: ACM astrocyte-conditioned media -- ADAMTS a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs -- ApoE apolipoprotein -- BBB blood-brain barrier -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor -- CCN CYR61/connective tissue growth factor/nephroblastoma -- ECM extracellular matrix -- GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein -- LCN2 lipocalin-2 -- MMP matrix metalloproteinases -- NRG neuregulin -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- PD Parkinson's disease -- Sema semaphorin -- SPARC secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine -- TN-C tenascin C -- TSP thrombospondin -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor; Astrocyte -- Secretory protein -- Proteomics -- Secretomics -- Brain injury -- Neurodegenerative disease -- Neuroinflammation; Neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurobiologie -- Périodiques; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.12.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-0082

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Astrocytes are important regulators of brain functions, and crucial functions are executed via astrocyte-secreted proteins. Astrocyte-secreted proteins play key roles in physiological processes and execute both detrimental and beneficial actions in CNS disorders. Understanding the many functions of astrocyte-secreted proteins under specific spatiotemporal conditions may lead to major advancements in astrocyte biology. Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins can facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. Abstract: Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.