CMIP5 temperature biases and 21st century warming around the Antarctic coast. Issue 73 (27th July 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Little, Christopher M.; Urban, Nathan M.
• Is Part Of: Annals of glaciology. Volume 57:Issue 73(2016)
• Page Start: 69
• Page End: 78
• Publication Date: 2016-07-27
• Subjects: Antarctic glaciology, -- climate models, -- ice/ocean interactions, -- ice sheet mass balance; Glaciology -- Periodicals; 551.3105 qA613
• DOI: 10.1017/aog.2016.25
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0260-3055

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Projections of ice-sheet mass balance require regional ocean warming projections derived from atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). However, the coarse resolution of AOGCMs: (1) may lead to systematic or AOGCM-specific biases and (2) makes it difficult to identify relevant water masses. Here, we employ a large-scale metric of Antarctic Shelf Bottom Water (ASBW) to investigate circum-Antarctic temperature biases and warming projections in 19 different Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) AOGCMs forced with two different 'representative concentration pathways' (RCPs). For high-emissions RCP 8.5, the ensemble mean 21st century ASBW warming is 0.66, 0.74 and 0.58°C for the Amundsen, Ross and Weddell Seas (AS, RS and WS), respectively. RCP 2.6 ensemble mean projections are substantially lower: 0.21, 0.26, and 0.19°C. All distributions of regional ASBW warming are positively skewed; for RCP 8.5, four AOGCMs project warming of greater than 1.8°C in the RS. Across the ensemble, there is a strong, RCP-independent, correlation between WS and RS warming. AS warming is more closely linked to warming in the Southern Ocean. We discuss possible physical mechanisms underlying the spatial patterns of warming and highlight implications of these results on strategies for forcing ice-sheet mass balance projections.