Physicochemical and Antioxidant Characteristics of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.) Seed Oil. (14th March 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Anwar, Farooq; Rashid, Umer; Shahid, Shaukat Ali; Nadeem, Muhammad
• Is Part Of: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Volume 91:Number 6(2014)
• Page Start: 1047
• Page End: 1054
• Publication Date: 2014-03-14
• Subjects: Kapok oil -- Physicochemical attributes -- Induction period -- Linoleic acid -- FTIR -- HPLC -- NMR -- Phenolics -- Phytosterols -- Tocopherols; Oils and fats -- Periodicals; Soap -- Periodicals; Fats -- Periodicals; Food-Processing Industry -- Periodicals; Acides gras -- Périodiques; Aliments -- Industrie et commerce -- Périodiques; Huiles et graisses -- Périodiques; Savon -- Périodiques; Oliën; Chemie; Oils and fats; Soap; Periodicals; 547.77
• DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2445-y
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0003-021X

Abstract

Abstract: In view of the growing demand for vegetable oils and fats, currently exploration of some under‐utilized and non‐conventional oil seed crops is of great concern. This work presents data on the detailed physicochemical and antioxidant attributes of kapok ( Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.) seed oil. The kapok seeds contained an appreciable amount of oil (27.5 %), protein (35.0 %) and fiber (19.0 %). The extracted kapok seed oil (KSO) had an iodine value of 101.8 g of I2 /100 g of oil, a saponification value of 187 mg of KOH/g of oil), and unsaponifiable matter 0.83 %. KSO also showed a good oxidation state as indicated by the measurements of the peroxide value, conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, para ‐anisidine and the induction period (Rancimat method). The tested oil showed a considerable amount of total phenolics (2.50 mg/100 g) and an appreciable free radical scavenging capacity. Gas liquid chromatographic analysis of fatty acids (FA) reveals that KSO mainly has linoleic acid (33.6 %) followed by oleic acid (23.4 %) and palmitic acid (22.4 %). Besides, a notable amount of cyclopropenoid fatty acids such as malvalic acid (9.1 %) and sterculic acid (2.8 %) was also detected. The FA composition of the tested oil was further verified by recording FTIR and NMR spectra. Among the oil phytosterols, analyzed by GC/GC–MS, β‐sitosterol was found to be the principal component whereas RP‐HPLC analysis showed the occurrence of γ‐tocopherol (550 mg/kg) as the major tocopherol along with considerable amount of α‐tocopherol (91 mg/kg) and δ‐tocopherol (5.52 mg/kg). It can be concluded from the results of this comprehensive study that under‐utilized kapok seeds are a potential feed stock for the production of a useful oil for edible and/or oleochemical applications.