Activatable fluorescent probes in fluorescence-guided surgery: Practical considerations. Issue 4 (15th February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mochida, Ai; Ogata, Fusa; Nagaya, Tadanobu; Choyke, Peter L.; Kobayashi, Hisataka
• Is Part Of: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. Volume 26:Issue 4(2018)
• Page Start: 925
• Page End: 930
• Publication Date: 2018-02-15
• Subjects: ALA aminolevulinic acid -- CT computerized tomography -- EPR enhanced permeability and retention -- FDA Food and Drug Administration -- FRET Föster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer -- gGlu γ-glutamyl -- GGT γ-glutamyltransferase -- HMRG hydroxymethyl rhodamine green -- ICG indocyanine green -- ISFA intraoperative frozen section analysis -- MRI magnetic resonance imaging -- PeT photon induced electron transfer -- RES reticuloendothelial system -- TBR target-to-background ratio; Activatable probes -- Optical fluorescence imaging -- Fluorescence-guided surgery -- Enzyme-reactive activatable probes -- Tumor margin; Bioorganic chemistry -- Periodicals; Pharmaceutical chemistry -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Chemistry, Clinical -- Periodicals; Chemistry, Organic -- Periodicals; Chimie bio-organique -- Périodiques; Chimie pharmaceutique -- Périodiques; 615.19
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0968-0896

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Fluorescence-guided imaging during surgery is a promising technique that is increasingly used to aid surgeons in identifying sites of tumor and surgical margins. Of the two types of fluorescent probes, always-on and activatable, activatable probes are preferred because they produce higher target-to-background ratios, thus improving sensitivity compared with always-on probes that must contend with considerable background signal. There are two types of activatable probes: 1) enzyme-reactive probes that are normally quenched but can be activated after cleavage by cancer-specific enzymes (activity-based probes) and 2) molecular-binding probes which use cancer targeting moieties such as monoclonal antibodies to target receptors found in abundance on cancers and are activated after internalization and lysosomal processing (binding-based probes). For fluorescence-guided intraoperative surgery, enzyme-reactive probes are superior because they can react quickly, require smaller dosages especially for topical applications, have limited side effects, and have favorable pharmacokinetics. Enzyme-reactive probes are easier to use, fit better into existing work flows in the operating room and have minimal toxicity. Although difficult to prove, it is assumed that the guidance provided to surgeons by these probes results in more effective surgeries with better outcomes for patients. In this review, we compare these two types of activatable fluorescent probes for their ease of use and efficacy.