Synergism of α‐Linolenic Acid, Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Calcium in Decreasing Adipocyte and Increasing Osteoblast Cell Growth. Issue 8 (12th June 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kim, Youjin; Kelly, Owen J.; Ilich, Jasminka Z.
• Is Part Of: Lipids. Volume 48:Issue 8(2013)
• Page Start: 787
• Page End: 802
• Publication Date: 2013-06-12
• Subjects: α‐Linolenic acid (ALA) -- Adipocytes -- Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) -- Calcium -- Osteoblasts -- Cell cultures; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipiden; Lipides -- Périodiques; 547.77
• DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3803-5
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0024-4201

Abstract

Abstract: Whole fat milk and dairy products (although providing more energy compared to low‐ or non‐fat products), are good sources of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and calcium, which may be favorable in modulating bone and adipose tissue metabolism. We examined individual and/or synergistic effects of ALA, CLA and calcium (at levels similar to those in whole milk/dairy products) in regulating bone and adipose cell growth. ST2 stromal, MC3T3‐L1 adipocyte‐like and MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells were treated with: (a) linoleic acid (LNA):ALA ratios = 1–5:1; (b) individual/combined 80–90 % c 9, t 11 (9, 11) and 5–10 % t 10, c 12 (10, 12) CLA isomers; (c) 0.5–3.0 mM calcium; (d) combinations of (a), (b), (c); and (e) control. Local mediators, including eicosanoids and growth factors, were measured. (a) The optimal effect was found at the 4:1 LNA:ALA ratio where insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and IGF binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) production was the lowest in MC3T3‐L1 cells. (b) All CLA isomer blends decreased MC3T3‐L1 and increased MC3T3‐E1 cell differentiation. (c) 1.5–2.5 mM calcium increased ST2 and MC3T3‐E1, and decreased MC3T3‐L1 cell proliferation. (d) Combination of 4:1 LNA:ALA + 90:10 % CLA + 2.0 mM calcium lowered MC3T3‐L1 and increased MC3T3‐E1 cell differentiation. Overall, the optimal LNA:ALA ratio to enhance osteoblastogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis was 4:1. This effect was enhanced by 90:10 % CLA + 2.0 mM calcium, indicating possible synergism of these dietary factors in promoting osteoblast and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in cell cultures.