Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. (2nd April 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xie, Chunyan; Xie, Zhisheng; Xu, Xinjun; Yang, Depo
• Is Part Of: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 163(2015)
• Page Start: 229
• Page End: 240
• Publication Date: 2015-04-02
• Subjects: ACAT acyl coenzyme a-cholesterol acyltransferase -- AGEs advanced glycation endproducts -- AHA alpha hydroxy acids -- Ang angiotensin -- AOPPs advanced oxidation protein products -- APTT activated partial thromboplastin time -- ASK 1 apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 -- AST aspartic transaminase -- BP blood pressure -- CI cardiac index -- CK creatine kinase -- CO cardiac output -- CPIP common peak isovolumetric intra-ventricular pressure -- CVP central venous pressure -- DHU 19, 24-dihydroxy ursolic acid -- DOX doxorubicin -- ET endothefin -- GSH-Px glutathione peroxidase -- GVH graft-versus-host -- HDL high density lipoprotein -- HK hexokinase -- HR heart rate -- I/R ischemic reperfusion -- LDH lactate dehydrogenase -- LDL low density lipoprotein -- LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure -- LVP left ventricular pressure -- LVSP left ventricular systolic pressure -- LVWI left ventricular work index -- MACO middle cerebral artery occlusion -- MAP mean arterial pressure -- MBC minimum bacterial concentrations -- MDA malondialdehyde -- MIC minimum inhibition concentration -- 2-NBDG 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa- 1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose -- NO nitric oxide -- NOS nitric oxide synthase -- OA oleanolic acid -- PA proanthocyanidin -- PAf proanthocyanidin fraction -- PLE persimmon leaf extract -- PLEg persimmon leaf extract 2′′-galloly moiety -- PLF persimmon leaves flavonoids -- PT prothrombin time -- RA rotungenic acid -- SCF sinus coronary flow -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- SRBC sheep red blood cell -- STZ streptozotocin -- TC total cholesterol -- TCM traditional Chinese medicine -- TG triglyceride -- TPVR total peripheral vascular resistance -- TT thrombin time -- TTI tension time index -- UA ursolic acid -- VCMCs vascular smooth muscle cells -- 4-VO 4-vessel occlusion; Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343) -- Kaempferol (PubChem CID: 5280863) -- Isoquercetin (PubChem CID: 5280804) -- Myricitrin (PubChem CID: 5281673) -- Oleanolic acid (PubChem CID: 10494) -- Ursolic acid (PubChem CID: 64945); Diospyros kaki L. -- Persimmon leaves -- Flavonoids -- Terpenoids -- Cardiovascular effects; Ethnopharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosie -- Périodiques; Herbes -- Périodiques; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-8741

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L.) leaves, known as Shi Ye (in Chinese), have a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of ischemia stroke, angina, internal hemorrhage, hypertension, atherosclerosis and some infectious diseases, etc. Additionally, persimmon leaves could be used as healthy products, cosmetics and so on, which have become increasingly popular in Asia, such as Japan, Korea and China etc. Aim of the review: The present paper reviewed the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analytical methods, biological activities and toxicology of persimmon leaves in order to assess the ethnopharmacological use and to explore therapeutic potentials and future opportunities for research. Materials and methods: Information on persimmon leaves were gathered via the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Pudmed, Web of Science, CNKI and EMBASE) and libraries. Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books. Results: Persimmon leaves have played an important role in Chinese system of medicines. The main compositions of persimmon leaves were flavonoids, terpenoids, etc. Scientific studies on extracts and formulations revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as, antioxidative, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, hemostasis activities and effects on cardiovascular system. Based on the pharmacological activities, persimmon leaves were widely used in clinic including treatment of cardiovascular disease, hemostasis, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and beauty treatment. Conclusions: Persimmon leaves probably have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment for cerebral arteriosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension. It showed significant neuroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro . Moreover, it can regulate immune function and inhibite inflammation. Further investigations are needed to explore individual bioactive compounds responsible for these pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo and the mode of actions. Further safety assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices. Graphical abstract: