Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplied by the usual diet decrease plasma stearoyl-CoA desaturase index in non-hypertriglyceridemic older adults at high vascular risk. Issue 1 (February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pérez-Heras, Ana M.; Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi; Cofán, Montserrat; Serra-Mir, Mercè; Castellote, Ana I.; López-Sabater, Carmen; Fitó, Montserrat; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Martínez-González, Miguel-Ángel; Corella, Dolores; Estruch, Ramon; Ros, Emilio; Sala-Vila, Aleix
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 37:Issue 1(2018)
• Page Start: 157
• Page End: 162
• Publication Date: 2018-02
• Subjects: Mediterranean diet -- Fish -- Nuts -- Olive oil -- PUFA; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Background & aims: The activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the central enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), has been associated with de novo lipogenesis. In experimental models SCD1 is down-regulated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but clinical studies are scarce. The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA (LCn-3PUFA) supplied by the regular diet, in the absence of fatty fish or fish oil supplementation, remains to be explored. Methods: We related 1-y changes in plasma SCD1 index, as assessed by the C16:1n-7/C16:0 ratio, to both adiposity traits and nutrient intake changes in a sub-cohort (n = 243) of non-hypertriglyceridemic subjects of the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterranea) trial. Results: After adjustment for confounders, including changes in fasting triglycerides, plasma SCD1 index increased in parallel with body weight (0.221 [95% confidence interval, 0.021 to 0.422], P = 0.031) and BMI (0.115 [0.027 to 0.202], P = 0.011). Additionally, dietary LCn-3PUFA (but not MUFA or plant-derived PUFA) were associated with decreased plasma SCD1 index (−0.544 [–1.044 to −0.043], P = 0.033, for each 1 g/d -increase in LCn-3PUFA). No associations were found for other food groups, but there was a trend for fatty fish intake (−0.083 [–0.177 to 0.012], P = 0.085, for each 10 g/d -increase). Conclusions: Our data add clinical evidence on the down-regulation of plasma SCD1 index by LCn-3PUFA in the context of realistic changes in fish consumption in the customary, non-supplemented diet. Clinical trial registration: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN35739639 Highlights: There is increasing interest on the interplay between SCD1, PUFA and adiposity. We analysed 1-y changes of these variables in non-hypertriglyceridemic elders. 1-y changes in plasma SCD1 directly related to weight and BMI changes. Changes in dietary LCn-3PUFA inversely related to plasma SCD1 index. The results reinforce the evidence of marine n-3 fatty acids as healthy fats.