Phytochemical analysis of salal berry (Gaultheria shallon Pursh.), a traditionally-consumed fruit from western North America with exceptionally high proanthocyanidin content. (March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ferguson, Andrew; Carvalho, Elisabete; Gourlay, Geraldine; Walker, Vincent; Martens, Stefan; Salminen, Juha-Pekka; Constabel, C. Peter
• Is Part Of: Phytochemistry. Volume 147(2018)
• Page Start: 203
• Page End: 210
• Publication Date: 2018-03
• Subjects: Polyphenols -- Condensed tannins -- Ericaceae -- Antioxidant -- Flavonoid -- Berry fruit; Botanical chemistry -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Botany -- Periodicals; Chimie végétale -- Périodiques; 572.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0031-9422

Abstract

Abstract: Salal ( Gaultheria shallon Pursh.) is a wild perennial shrub of the Ericaceae and common in coastal forests of western North America, and its berries were an important traditional food for First Nations in British Columbia. Salal berries were investigated for phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity over the course of fruit development. The proanthocyanidin content was extremely high in young berries (280.7 mg/g dry wt) but dropped during development to 52.8 mg/g dry wt. By contrast, anthocyanins accumulated only at the late berry stages. Total antioxidant capacity, as measured by the 2, 2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method, reflected both proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin content, and in mature berries reached 36 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g dry wt. More detailed phytochemical analysis determined that delphinidin 3- O -galactoside is the dominant anthocyanin, and that the berries are also rich in procyanidins, including procyanidin A2 which has been implicated in anti-adhesion activity for uropathogenic E. coli . Proanthocyanidins were 60% prodelphinidin, and overall concentrations were higher than reported for many Vaccinium species including blueberry, lingonberry, and cranberry. Overall, the phenolic profile of salal berries indicates that these fruit contain a diversity of health-promoting phenolics. Graphical abstract: Highlights: Gaultheria shallon (salal) berries were profiled for phenolic phytochemicals and antioxidant activity along a developmental gradient. Young berries had the highest proanthocyanidin content, but mature berries contained proanthocyanidin concentrations of more than 5% dry wt. Salal berries are high in antioxidant capacity, which correlated strongly with proanthocyanidin concentrations over berry development. Our data suggest that consumption of these berries could have positive health benefits.