Spatial variations and development of land use regression models of oxidative potential in ten European study areas. (February 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jedynska, Aleksandra; Hoek, Gerard; Wang, Meng; Yang, Aileen; Eeftens, Marloes; Cyrys, Josef; Keuken, Menno; Ampe, Christophe; Beelen, Rob; Cesaroni, Giulia; Forastiere, Francesco; Cirach, Marta; de Hoogh, Kees; De Nazelle, Audrey; Nystad, Wenche; Akhlaghi, Helgah Makarem; Declercq, Christophe; Stempfelet, Morgane; Eriksen, Kirsten T.; Dimakopoulou, Konstantina; Lanki, Timo; Meliefste, Kees; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Yli-Tuomi, Tarja; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Janssen, Nicole A.H.; Brunekreef, Bert; Kooter, Ingeborg M.
• Is Part Of: Atmospheric environment. Volume 150(2017)
• Page Start: 24
• Page End: 32
• Publication Date: 2017-02
• Subjects: Oxidative potential -- DTT -- LUR -- PM2.5 -- Spatial variation; ESCAPE European Study of Cohort for Air Pollution Effects -- TRANSPHORM Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts - Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter -- DTT dithiothreitol ROS reactive oxygen species -- EC/OC elemental/organic carbon -- PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- B[a]P benzo[a]pyrene -- GIS Geographic Information Systems -- LUR Land Use Regression -- NOx nitrogen oxides -- NO2 nitrogen dioxide -- PM2.5 mass concentration of particles less than 2.5 mm in size -- PM2.5 absorbance measurement of the blackness of PM2.5 filters, this is a proxy for elemental carbon, which is the dominant light absorbing substance -- PM10 mass concentration of particles less than 10 mm in size -- RB regional background -- S Street -- EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency -- LUR Land Use Regression -- RMSE Root Mean Squared Error; Air -- Pollution -- Periodicals; Air -- Pollution -- Meteorological aspects -- Periodicals; 551.51
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.029
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1352-2310

Abstract

Abstract: Oxidative potential (OP) has been suggested as a health-relevant measure of air pollution. Little information is available about OP spatial variation and the possibility to model its spatial variability. Our aim was to measure the spatial variation of OP within and between 10 European study areas. The second aim was to develop land use regression (LUR) models to explain the measured spatial variation. OP was determined with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay in ten European study areas. DTT of PM2.5 was measured at 16–40 sites per study area, divided over street, urban and regional background sites. Three two-week samples were taken per site in a one-year period in three different seasons. We developed study-area specific LUR models and a LUR model for all study areas combined to explain the spatial variation of OP. Significant contrasts between study areas in OP were found. OP DTT levels were highest in southern Europe. DTT levels at street sites were on average 1.10 times higher than at urban background locations. In 5 of the 10 study areas LUR models could be developed with a median R 2 of 33%. A combined study area model explained 30% of the measured spatial variability. Overall, LUR models did not explain spatial variation well, possibly due to low levels of OP DTT and a lack of specific predictor variables. Highlights: Oxidative potential (OP DTT) was measured in 10 European study areas. OP DTT levels were the highest in southern and the lowest in northern Europe. In 5 of the 10 study areas LUR models could be developed for OP DTT.