Chlorella ingestion suppresses resistin gene expression in peripheral blood cells of borderline diabetics. Issue 3 (June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Itakura, Hiroshige; Kobayashi, Michie; Nakamura, Seiji
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition ESPEN. Volume 10:Issue 3(2015)
• Page Start: e95
• Page End: e101
• Publication Date: 2015-06
• Subjects: Resistin -- Borderline-diabetes -- Chlorella -- Gene-expression -- Microarray; HDL high-density lipoprotein -- VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein -- LDL low-density lipoprotein -- HbA1c hemoglobin A1c -- FOSHU food for specified health uses -- GA glycosylated albumin -- 1, 5-AG 1, 5-anhydroglucitol -- Apo-B cholesterol and apolipoprotein B -- IL Interleukin -- TNF -6, tumor necrosis factor -- PAI-1 -αadiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 -- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -- HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography -- QRT-PCR quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction -- BMI body mass index -- ADIPOR1 adiponectin receptor 1 -- AMPK activated protein kinase -- LDLR LDL receptor -- PER1 period homolog 1 -- PPARD peroxime proliferator-activated receptor delta -- ALMS1 alstrom syndrome 1 -- AUTS2 autism susceptibility candidate 2; Nutritionally induced diseases -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Disorders -- Periodicals; 616.39005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.04.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2405-4577

Abstract

Summary: Background & aims: Type 2 diabetes can lead to arteriosclerosis, renal damage, retinopathy, and several other serious complications. To prevent or delay the progression of this disease, considerable attention has been paid to improve exercise and dietary habits. Chlorella ingestion can reportedly reduce high blood glucose and cholesterol levels in mice and humans, although no studies have critically evaluated the effects of Chlorella on human borderline diabetics. Thus, we conducted a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled test with volunteer borderline diabetics. Methods: We recruited 57 subjects and randomly divided into a Chlorella ingestion group (n = 28) and a Placebo ingestion group (n = 29). Blood samples were collected every 4 weeks for laboratory tests. Gene expression analyses using peripheral blood cell RNA were performed before and 12 weeks after the trial. Results: A total of 252 genes showed changed expression levels between these two groups. Six of these were type 2 diabetes-associated genes, including resistin, an insulin resistance inducer that exhibited markedly reduced expression with Chlorella ingestion (P = 0.01). Resistin mRNA expression significantly correlated with changes in HbA1c and TNF-α and IL-6 levels, all of which are strongly associated with glucose metabolism and/or inflammation. Conclusions: Chlorella ingestion may be useful in preventing or ameliorating the course of type 2 diabetes development. In addition, gene expression analysis may be a means to investigate the effects of foods and supplements in humans. Highlights: We examine the effects of Chlorella on human borderline diabetes. We conducted a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Chlorella ingestion significantly suppressed resistin. Resistin mRNA expression significantly correlated HbA1c and TNF-A and IL-6 levels. Chlorella ingestion may be useful in preventing the type 2 diabetes development.