Energy modeling approach to the global energy-mineral nexus: A case of fuel cell vehicle. (December 2017) - Tokimatsu, Koji
Abstract: Hydrogen draw great attentions to become center of the Japanese energy policy after succeeding rapid expansion of renewable energy and dash for gas, after the Fukushima daiichi nuclear accident. This study estimates the metal requirement for hydrogen technologies by using a cost-minimizing energy model on the global energy-mineral nexus. The models are consisted from production of resources, land use and land use changes, inter-regional transportation, energy conversion (power, liquid fuels, gas), production of materials, final demand, wood products, disposal of used products, and materials recycling. Two energy and climate scenarios were developed to represent primarily economic efficiency and environmental performance, respectively, under climate policies with 2DC target, and without any constraints. Based on the future hydrogen consumption, metal requirements and cumulative production were estimated, to compare with production levels in 2015 and reserves. Candidates of hydrogen technologies are, fuel cells (for vehicle, stationary), storage tanks, and production, utilizing sectors in transport, power, and heat.