Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) alters the carbohydrate metabolism in root galls to allowing the compatible interaction with grapevine (Vitis ssp.) roots. (May 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Griesser, Michaela; Lawo, Nora Caroline; Crespo-Martinez, Sara; Schoedl-Hummel, Katharina; Wieczorek, Krzysztof; Gorecka, Miroslawa; Liebner, Falk; Zweckmair, Thomas; Stralis Pavese, Nancy; Kreil, David; Forneck, Astrid
• Is Part Of: Plant science. Volume 234(2015:May)
• Page Start: 38
• Page End: 49
• Publication Date: 2015-05
• Subjects: ATP adenosin-triphosphate -- BLAST basic local alignment search tool -- BLAT BLAST-like alignment tool -- BSTFA N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide -- CFDA carboxyfluorescein diacetate -- DFCI Dana Farber Cancer Institute -- DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine -- FC fold change -- GC–MS gas chromatography–mass spectrometry -- GO gene ontology -- HEPES 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid -- NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide -- NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydroxide -- OD optical density -- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene -- TMCS trimethylsilyl chloride -- qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction -- VvGI7 Vitis vinifera gene index release 7; Plant sink -- Root gall -- Carbohydrate -- Primary metabolism -- Grapevine; Botany -- Periodicals; Botanique -- Périodiques; 580
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0168-9452

Abstract

Highlights: Sucrose is transported symplastically towards developing and growing nodosities. Starch is accumulated and metabolized during nodosities growth and development. Nodosity formation has systemic effects on non-infected root tips of phylloxerated plants. Gall formation reprograms processes of the secondary metabolism as demonstrated transciptionally. Abstract: Gall forming phylloxera may compete for nutrients with meristematic tissues and develop heterotrophic structures that act as carbon sinks. In this work, we studied the underlying starch metabolism, sink-source translocation of soluble sugars towards and within root galls. We demonstrated that nodosities store carbohydrates by starch accumulation and monitored the expression of genes involved in the starch metabolic. Thereby we proved that the nodosity is symplastically connected to the source tissues through its development and that the starch metabolism is significantly affected to synthesize and degrade starch within the gall. Genes required for starch biosynthesis and degradation are up-regulated. Among the carbohydrate transporters the expression of a glucose-6-phosphate translocater, one sucrose transporter and two SWEET proteins were increases, whereas hexose transporters, tonoplast monosaccharide transporter and Erd6-like sugar transporters were decreased. We found general evidence for plant response to osmotic stress in the nodosity as previously suggested for gall induction processes. We conclude that nodosities are heterogenous plant organs that accumulate starch to serve as temporary storage structure that is gradually withdrawn by phylloxera. Phylloxera transcriptionally reprograms gall tissues beyond primary metabolism and included downstream secondary processes, including response to osmotic stress.