Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Two Eggs/Day Increased Plasma Carotenoids and Choline without Increasing Trimethyl Amine N-Oxide Concentrations. (17th February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Missimer, Amanda; Fernandez, Maria Luz; DiMarco, Diana M.; Norris, Gregory H.; Blesso, Christopher N.; Murillo, Ana Gabriela; Vergara-Jimenez, Marcela; Lemos, Bruno S.; Medina-Vera, Isabel; Malysheva, Olga V.; Caudill, Marie A.
• Is Part Of: Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Volume 37:Number 2(2018)
• Page Start: 140
• Page End: 148
• Publication Date: 2018-02-17
• Subjects: Choline -- eggs -- lutein -- oatmeal -- TMAO -- zeaxanthin; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutrition disorders -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1365026
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0731-5724

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Background: Habitual consumption of eggs has been hypothesized to positively modify biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk through proposed antioxidant properties. Objectives: To examine this relationship, 50 young, healthy men and women were enrolled into a randomized crossover clinical intervention. Methods: Participants consumed either 2 eggs per day or one packet of oatmeal a day for 4 weeks, followed by a 3-week wash-out and crossed over to the alternate breakfast. Fasting blood samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at the end of each intervention period. Results: Increases in plasma large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and large low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentrations as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance were found following egg consumption ( p < 0.001, p < 0.05), respectively, with increases in apolipoprotein concentration as well ( p < 0.05). Though there was no difference in the intake of antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin, a significant increase in plasma concentrations of these carotenoids was observed ( p < 0.001) after egg consumption. There was no change in lecithin–cholesterol acyl transferase, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, or paroxanase-1 arylesterase activities between breakfast interventions. Dietary and plasma choline were both higher following egg consumption compared to oatmeal consumption ( p < 0.001); however, there was no change in plasma trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) concentrations. Two eggs per day had no impact on PBMC gene expression related to cholesterol metabolism, oxidation, or TMAO production. Conclusions: These results suggest that compared to oatmeal, consumption of 2 eggs for breakfast provided increased plasma carotenoids and improved biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk while not affecting TMAO levels in this population.