Reasons for Marijuana and Tobacco Co-use Among Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Scale Development Study. (23rd February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Berg, Carla J.; Payne, Jackelyn; Henriksen, Lisa; Cavazos-Rehg, Patricia; Getachew, Betelihem; Schauer, Gillian L.; Haardörfer, Regine
• Is Part Of: Substance use & misuse. Volume 53:Number 3(2018)
• Page Start: 357
• Page End: 369
• Publication Date: 2018-02-23
• Subjects: Substance use -- young adults -- risk factors -- tobacco use -- marijuana use; Narcotic habit -- Periodicals; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; Substance abuse -- Periodicals; Behavior, Addictive -- Periodicals; Sustance-Related Disorders -- Periodicals; 362.2905
• DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1327978
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1082-6084

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Background : Marijuana-tobacco co-use has increased recently, particularly in young adults. Objectives : We conducted a mixed-methods study to: (1) examine reasons for co-use; and (2) develop a scale assessing reasons for co-use among participants in a longitudinal cohort study of 3, 418 students aged 18-25 from 7 Georgia colleges and universities. Methods : Phone-based semi-structured interviews were conducted in Summer 2015 among 46 current (past 30-day, n = 26) or lifetime (n = 20) marijuana users. Subsequently, scale items were developed and included at Wave 3. Participants reporting past 4-month tobacco and marijuana use ( n = 328) completed the Reasons for Marijuana-Tobacco Co-use section. Results : Per qualitative data, reasons for marijuana-tobacco co-use included synergistic effects, one triggering or preceding the other's use, using one to reduce the other's use, co-administration, social context, and experimentation. The survey subsample included 37.1% who used cigarettes, 30.4% LCCs, 9.4% smokeless, 23.7% e-cigarettes, and 30.4% hookah. Four subscale factors emerged: (1) Instrumentality, indicating synergistic effects; (2) Displacement, indicating using one product to reduce/quit the other; (3) Social context, indicating use in different settings/social situations; and (4) Experimentation, indicating experimentation with both but no specific reasons for co-use. These subscales demonstrated distinct associations with tobacco type used; nicotine dependence; marijuana and alcohol use frequency; tobacco and marijuana use motives, respectively; perceptions of tobacco and marijuana; and parental and friend use. Including these subscales in regressions predicting nicotine dependence and days of marijuana use significantly contributed to each model. Conclusions : These findings might inform theoretical frameworks upon which marijuana-tobacco co-use occurs and direct future intervention studies.