Aggregate dermal exposure to cyclic siloxanes in personal care products: Implications for risk assessment. (January 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Biesterbos, Jacqueline W.H.; Beckmann, Gwendolyn; van Wel, Luuk; Anzion, Rob B.M.; von Goetz, Natalie; Dudzina, Tatsiana; Roeleveld, Nel; Ragas, Ad M.J.; Russel, Frans G.M.; Scheepers, Paul T.J.
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 74(2015:Jan.)
• Page Start: 231
• Page End: 239
• Publication Date: 2015-01
• Subjects: D4 octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane -- D5 decamethylcyclopentasiloxane -- EI electron impact -- LOQ limit of quantification -- PBPK model physiologically based pharmacokinetic model -- PCPs personal care products -- TD-GD-MS thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry; Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane -- Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane -- D4 -- D5 -- Human biological monitoring -- End-exhaled air; Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.017
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Abstract: Consumers who use personal care products (PCPs) are internally exposed to some of the organic components present of which some may be detected in exhaled air when eliminated. The aim of this study was the quantitative determination of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in end-exhaled air to study dermal absorption of substances in PCPs. We exposed the forearm of fifteen healthy volunteers for 60 min to pure D4 or D5 and to commercial products containing D4 and D5. Inhalation uptake was kept to a minimum by keeping the forearm in a flow cabinet during dermal exposure and supplying filtered air to the breathing zone of the volunteer during the post-exposure period. End-exhaled air was collected using a breath sampler (Bio-VOC), transferred to carbograph multi-bed adsorbent tubes and analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). In the end-exhaled air of non-exposed volunteers background concentrations of D4 (0.8–3.5 ng/L) and D5 (0.8–4.0 ng/L) were observed. After exposing the volunteers, the level of D4 and D5 in end-exhaled air did not or barely exceed background concentrations. At t = 90 min, a sharp increase of the D4/D5 concentration in end-exhaled air was observed, which we attributed to the inhalation of the substances during a toilet visit without using inhalation protection devices. When this visit was taken out of the protocol, the sharp increase disappeared. Overall, the results of our study indicate that dermal absorption of D4 and D5 contributes only marginally to internal exposure following dermal applications. As in our study inhalation is the primary route of entry for these compounds, we conclude that its risk assessment should focus on this particular exposure route. Highlights: Dermal uptake of D4/D5 is limited and lower than observed in from previous experiments. When using PCPs containing cyclic siloxanes, inhalation is the major uptake route. Realistic consumer exposure to PCPs is simulated using a PBK model. Regular use of PCPs results in enhanced concentrations of D4 and D5 in end-exhaled air. Non-exposed persons have a background of D4/D5 in end-exhaled air below 5 ng/L.