Human health risk associated with brominated flame-retardants (BFRs). (January 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lyche, Jan L.; Rosseland, Carola; Berge, Gunnar; Polder, Anuschka
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 74(2015:Jan.)
• Page Start: 170
• Page End: 180
• Publication Date: 2015-01
• Subjects: PBDEs -- Reproductive -- Endocrine disruption -- Behavior -- Fish -- Fish oil; Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Abstract: The purposes of this review are to assess the human exposure and human and experimental evidence for adverse effects of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) with specific focus on intake from seafood. The leakage of BFRs from consumer products leads to exposure of humans from fetal life to adulthood. Fish and fish products contain the highest levels of BFRs and dominate the dietary intake of frequent fish eaters in Europe, while meat, followed by seafood and dairy products accounted for the highest US dietary intake. House dust is also reported as an important source of exposure for children as well as adults. The levels of BFRs in the general North American populations are higher than those in Europe and Japan and the highest levels are detected in infants and toddlers. The daily intake via breast milk exceeds the RfD in 10% of US infants. BFRs including PBDEs, HBCDs and TBBP-A have induced endocrine-, reproductive- and behavior effects in laboratory animals. Furthermore, recent human epidemiological data demonstrated association between exposure to BFRs and similar adverse effects as observed in animal studies. Fish including farmed fish and crude fish oil for human consumption may contain substantial levels of BFRs and infants and toddlers consuming these products on a daily basis may exceed the tolerable daily intake suggesting that fish and fish oil alone represent a risk to human health. This intake comes in addition to exposure from other sources (breast milk, other food, house dust). Because potential harmful concentrations of BFRs and other toxicants occur in fish and fish products, research on a wider range of products is warranted, to assess health hazard related to the contamination of fish and fish products for human consumption. Highlights: BFRs are associated with endocrine-, reproductive- and behavioral effects. Seafood contains the highest levels of BFRs. The US population carry higher doses of BFRs than Europeans and Japanese. The highest levels of BFRs are detected in infants and toddlers. Frequent seafood eaters may exceed the safe level.