Chemoprevention with isothiocyanates – From bench to bedside. (1st February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gründemann, Carsten; Huber, Roman
• Is Part Of: Cancer letters. Volume 414(2018)
• Page Start: 26
• Page End: 33
• Publication Date: 2018-02-01
• Subjects: Brassicaceae -- Cruciferous vegetable -- Mustard oil -- Glucosinolates -- Cancer -- Safety; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.033
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0304-3835

Abstract

Abstract: Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are naturally occurring hydrolization products from glucosinolates (GLSs) in brassicaceae and in epidemiological studies their intake has been weakly to moderately inversely correlated with the risk of colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. Numerous preclinical studies demonstrate chemopreventive mode of actions of ITCs, mainly related to a.) detoxification (induction of phase II enzymes), b.) anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulation of NFkappaB activity, c.) cyclin-mediated cell cycle arrest and d.) epigenetic modulation by inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. First prospective clinical trials were promising in patients with risk of prostate cancer recurrence. The glutathione-S-transferase gene expression seems to play a major role in the individual susceptibility towards ITCs. Safety issues are widely unclear and should be more addressed in future studies because ITCs can, in low concentrations, compromise the function of human immune cells and might impair genome stability. Highlights: ITC exhibit multiple chemopreventive actions in vitro, in animals and in humans. Resorption of ITC is excellent but depends on the presence of myrosinase. First prospective clinical study was promising in patients with risk of prostate cancer recurrence. ITC have off-target effects which raise safety concerns.