Neutralization of Naja naja venom induced lethality, edema and myonecrosis by ethanolic root extract of Coix lacryma-jobi. (2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rajesh, K.S.; Bharath, B.R.; Rao, C.V.; Bhat, K.I.; Bhat, K.S. Chandrashekhar; Bhat, Pritesh
• Is Part Of: Toxicology reports. Volume 4(2017)
• Page Start: 637
• Page End: 645
• Publication Date: 2017
• Subjects: Naja naja -- Phospholipase A2 inhibition -- Myotoxicity -- Stigmasterol -- Molecular docking -- Ethanolic root extract; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Clinical toxicology -- Periodicals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hazardous Substances; Poisoning; Toxicology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 571.9505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.11.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2214-7500

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Oral administration of ethanolic root extract (ERE) at dose levels 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg effectively inhibits Naja naja venom-induced lethality in mice as well as venom-induced proteolysis, fibrinogenolysis, DNase activity. ERE at a dose of 200 mg/kg inhibits myotoxicity induced by Naja naja venom measured by creatine kinase activity in rats. Molecular docking studies revealed that stigmasterol isolated from the ERE is probably responsible for inhibition of Naja naja venom PLA2 . Abstract: Coix lacryma-jobi, commonly known as job's tear, is a tall grain-bearing tropical plant of the family Poaceae . The ethanolic root extract (ERE) of the plant was investigated for the first time for anti-venom activity against Indian cobra Naja naja venom. In-vitro studies were conducted to determine neutralization of phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) activity of the Naja naja venom by the ERE. ERE showed significant inhibition of PLA2 activity, which was further confirmed from effective neutralization of human red blood cells (HRBC) lysis induced by the venom. In addition, venom-induced proteolysis, fibrinogenolysis, DNase activity were also neutralized by the ERE, which contained carbohydrates, glycolides, resins and tannins. Oral administration of ERE at doses levels 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg effectively inhibited Naja naja venom-induced lethality in mice. Myotoxicity induced by Naja naja venom, measured by creatine kinase activity in rats was significantly neutralized by the ERE at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Stigmasterol, as one of the component isolated from the ERE, was found to have venom phospholipase A2 inhibition potential, which was confirmed by molecular docking studies with PLA2 . In summary, these studies indicate the ability of ERE of Coix lacryma-jobi to effectively neutralize the toxic effects of the venom is, in part, contributed by the inhibition of PLA2 activity among other venom-derived factors.