A review of renal disease in children with HIV infection. Issue 1 (2nd January 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jindal, Ankur Kumar; Tiewsoh, Karalanglin; Pilania, Rakesh Kumar
• Is Part Of: Infectious diseases. Volume 50:Issue 1(2018)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 12
• Publication Date: 2018-01-02
• Subjects: Children -- HIV -- HIVAN -- HIVICK -- Kidney; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable diseases; Periodicals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1371852
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2374-4235

Abstract

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. HIV-infected individuals are now surviving for a relatively longer period and this is because of easy accessibility to antiretroviral therapy these days. As a result, chronic disease-related complications are now being recognized more often. Kidney disease in HIV-infected children can vary from glomerular to tubular-interstitial involvement. We searched the database to identify various kidney diseases seen in HIV-infected children. We describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical and laboratory manifestations, management and outcome of commonly seen kidney disease in HIV-infected children. We also provide a brief overview of toxicity of antiretroviral drugs seen in HIV-infected children. Kidney involvement in HIV-infected children may arise because of HIV infection per se, opportunistic infections, immune mediated injury and drug toxicity. HIV-associated nephropathy is perhaps the most common and most severe form of kidney disease. Proteinuria may be a cost-effective screening test in the long-term management of HIV-infected children, however, there are no definite recommendations for the same. Other important renal diseases are HIV immune complex kidney disease, thrombotic microangiopathy, interstitial nephritis and vasculitis.