Econometric analysis of the link between public transport accessibility and employment. (November 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Johnson, Daniel; Ercolani, Marco; Mackie, Peter
• Is Part Of: Transport policy. Volume 60(2017)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 9
• Publication Date: 2017-11
• Subjects: Transportation and state -- Periodicals; Transportation -- Rates -- Periodicals; 388
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.08.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0967-070X

Abstract

Abstract: Modern transport policy analysis has ceased to be mainly about transport impacts and is now focussed on the effects of provision and policy upon the operation of the economy and society. For people on the edge of the labour market, many of whom do not have access to other forms of transport, public transport is a very important source of accessibility to jobs. This analysis addresses what we see as a key research gap in Britain - whether there is a systematic variation in the level of employment at the local level with the quality of the public transport network. To address this we apply regression analysis to explain employment as a function of accessibility and other local labour and socioeconomic variables. Our data were based on a cross-section of output areas from the English part of the 2011 Census. We found a statistically significant relationship suggesting that, all else being equal, areas with shorter public transport times were associated with higher employment levels. Highlights: We estimate the impact of differences in public transport (PT) accessibility on local labour market outcomes. We found a significant negative relationship between public transport travel time and employment, varying in magnitude by urban type. A difference of 10% in bus travel times between areas is associated with a 0.1–0.3% difference in employment with higher values in more urban areas. We find that employment effects could be realised from increased revenue support for bus services. The IV results actually suggested that the coefficients on public transport accessibility and car unavailability were underestimated in OLS.