Descriptive and injunctive norms of waterpipe smoking among college students. (February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Leavens, Eleanor L.S.; Brett, Emma I.; Morgan, Taylor L.; Lopez, Susanna V.; Shaikh, Raees A.; Leffingwell, Thad R.; Wagener, Theodore L.
• Is Part Of: Addictive behaviors. Volume 77(2018)
• Page Start: 59
• Page End: 62
• Publication Date: 2018-02
• Subjects: Waterpipe -- Hookah -- Smoking -- Normative perceptions -- Descriptive norms -- Injunctive norms -- College students; Substance abuse -- Periodicals; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; Drug addiction -- Periodicals; Nicotine addiction -- Periodicals; Smoking -- Periodicals; Gambling -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 362.29
• DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4603

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Smoking tobacco via a waterpipe (WP) is on the rise, particularly among college students. One reason for this may be normative perceptions of WP tobacco smoking (WTS) among this population. The current study examined the perceived and actual descriptive and injunctive norms of WTS among a college student sample. Methods: Participants were 894 college students enrolled at a large, Midwestern university. Participants completed measures of WTS frequency and quantity and perceived/actual descriptive and injunctive norms of WTS. Results: Over one-third of the sample reported ever trying WTS, while only 2% reported current (past month) use. When comparing ever and never WP smokers, ever smokers reported greater perceived peer approval of WTS. Both males and females overestimated WTS frequency of same-sex students at their university. Discussion: The current study is one of the first to investigate descriptive and injunctive norms of WTS among college students. Students who report WTS are more likely to overestimate descriptive norms of WTS among their peers, suggesting corrective normative feedback regarding actual use by peers may be an important target for WTS intervention among college students. Future research should investigate the temporal association between normative perceptions and WTS behaviors among college students. Highlights: Ever WP smokers reported greater perceived approval of WP use than never smokers. Males and females overestimated WP smoking frequency of peers at their university. Normative feedback regarding actual WP use may be efficacious for college students.