An approach to understanding sleep and depressed mood in adolescents: person‐centred sleep classification. (2nd June 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shochat, Tamar; Barker, David H.; Sharkey, Katherine M.; Van Reen, Eliza; Roane, Brandy M.; Carskadon, Mary A.
• Is Part Of: Journal of sleep research. Volume 26:Number 6(2017)
• Page Start: 709
• Page End: 717
• Publication Date: 2017-06-02
• Subjects: adolescent -- depression -- mixture models -- sleep patterns; Sleep -- Periodicals; Sleep disorders -- Periodicals; 612.821
• DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12550
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0962-1105

Abstract

Summary: Depressive mood in youth has been associated with distinct sleep dimensions, such as timing, duration and quality. To identify discrete sleep phenotypes, we applied person‐centred analysis (latent class mixture models) based on self‐reported sleep patterns and quality, and examined associations between phenotypes and mood in high‐school seniors. Students ( n = 1451; mean age = 18.4 ± 0.3 years; 648 M) completed a survey near the end of high‐school. Indicators used for classification included school night bed‐ and rise‐times, differences between non‐school night and school night bed‐ and rise‐times, sleep‐onset latency, number of awakenings, naps, and sleep quality and disturbance. Mood was measured using the total score on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale. One‐wayanova tested differences between phenotype for mood. Fit indexes were split between 3‐, 4‐ and 5‐phenotype solutions. For all solutions, between phenotype differences were shown for all indicators: bedtime showed the largest difference; thus, classes were labelled from earliest to latest bedtime as 'A' ( n = 751), 'B' ( n = 428) and 'C' ( n = 272) in the 3‐class solution. Class B showed the lowest sleep disturbances and remained stable, whereas classes C and A each split in the 4‐ and 5‐class solutions, respectively. Associations with mood were consistent, albeit small, with class B showing the lowest scores. Person‐centred analysis identified sleep phenotypes that differed in mood, such that those with the fewest depressive symptoms had moderate sleep timing, shorter sleep‐onset latencies and fewer arousals. Sleep characteristics in these groups may add to our understanding of how sleep and depressed mood associate in teens.