IL-17 and neutrophils: unexpected players in the type 2 immune response. (June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Allen, Judith E; Sutherland, Tara E; Rückerl, Dominik
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in immunology. Volume 34(2015)
• Page Start: 99
• Page End: 106
• Publication Date: 2015-06
• Subjects: Immunology -- Periodicals; Allergy -- Periodicals; Immunology -- Abstracts -- Periodicals; Allergy -- Abstracts -- Periodicals; 616.079
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.03.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-7915

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Type 2 cytokines protect against helminths but also cause allergic disease. IL-17 and neutrophils unexpectedly contribute to type 2 immunity. IL-17 and type 2 cytokines can enhance or counter-regulate each other. Chitinase like proteins bridge IL-17 and type 2 responses. Dysregulation of the IL-17/type2 balance may cause pathology. Abstract : The study of immunity to helminth infection has been central to understanding the function of type 2 cytokines and their targets. Although type 2 cytokines are considered anti-inflammatory and promote tissue repair, they also contribute to allergy and fibrosis. Here, we utilise data from helminth infection models, to illustrate that IL-17 and neutrophils, typically associated with pro-inflammatory responses, are intimately linked with type 2 immunity. Neutrophils work with IL-4Rα-activated macrophages to control incoming larvae but this comes at a cost of enhanced tissue damage. Chitinase like proteins (CLPs) bridge these diverse outcomes, inducing both protective IL-17 and reparative Th2 responses. Dysregulation of CLPs, IL-17 and neutrophils likely contribute to disease severity and pathology associated with type 2 immunity.