Non-coding RNAs and neuroprotection after acute CNS injuries. (December 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chandran, Raghavendar; Mehta, Suresh L.; Vemuganti, Raghu
• Is Part Of: Neurochemistry international. Volume 111(2017)
• Page Start: 12
• Page End: 22
• Publication Date: 2017-12
• Subjects: Non-coding RNA -- microRNA -- lncRNA -- piRNA -- Ischemic stroke -- Hemorrhagic stroke -- Traumatic brain injury -- Spinal cord injury; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Periodicals; 612.804205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-0186

Abstract

Abstract: Accumulating evidence indicates that various classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in normal state as well as the diseases of the CNS. Interestingly, ncRNAs have been shown to interact with messenger RNA, DNA and proteins, and these interactions could induce epigenetic modifications and control transcription and translation, thereby adding a new layer of genomic regulation. The ncRNA expression profiles are known to be altered after acute CNS injuries including stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury that are major contributors of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence, a better understanding of the functional significance of ncRNAs following CNS injuries could help in developing potential therapeutic strategies to minimize the neuronal damage in those conditions. The potential of ncRNAs in blood and CSF as biomarkers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of acute CNS injuries has also gained importance in the recent years. This review highlighted the current progress in the understanding of the role of ncRNAs in initiation and progression of secondary neuronal damage and their application as biomarkers after acute CNS injuries. Highlights: Greater than 98% of the transcriptional output in mammals is non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs control transcription and translation. Acute CNS injuries including stroke and traumatic brain injury significantly alters non-coding RNA expression and function. Post-injury brain damage can be altered by modulating non-coding RNAs like microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs in blood can be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for acute CNS injuries.