Effects of Schizochytrium microalgae and sunflower oil as sources of unsaturated fatty acids for the sustainable mitigation of ruminal biogases methane and carbon dioxide. (1st December 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Elghandour, M.M.Y.; Vallejo, L.H.; Salem, A.Z.M.; Salem, M.Z.M.; Camacho, L.M.; Buendía R, G.; Odongo, N.E.
• Is Part Of: Journal of cleaner production. Volume 168(2017)
• Page Start: 1389
• Page End: 1397
• Publication Date: 2017-12-01
• Subjects: Biogases -- In vitro fermentation -- Microalgae -- Sunflower oil; Factory and trade waste -- Management -- Periodicals; Manufactures -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Déchets industriels -- Gestion -- Périodiques; Usines -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; 628.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.039
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-6526

Abstract

Abstract: Mitigation of methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions as well as ruminal fermentation parameters of a total mixed ration in the presence of Schizochytrium microalgae (SA) and sunflower oil (SO) or their mixture (SASO) as unsaturated fatty acid sources was investigated. Rumen liquor from two rumen cannulated Holstein steers and two rumen cannulated Creole goats was used as inoculum. Interactions between inoculum source × additive type, and inoculum source × additive type × dose were observed for gas, CH4 and CO2 production and fermentation parameters. Additives affected the fermentation parameters in a dose-dependent manner. With goats' inoculum, the inclusion of SO (1, 2, 4, 5%), SA (2, 3, 5%) and SASO (1, 3%) increased gas production (GP) and decreased the rate of GP, while with the steer inoculum, SO at 1 and 4% increased GP and the rate of GP. All levels of SA and SASO decreased the asymptotic GP and increased the rate of GP. The goat inoculum decreased CH4 at different doses of SO, SA and SASO whereas the steer inoculum decreased CH4 production. At all doses, additives decreased fermentation pH, protozoal counts, and increased ammonia-N, DM degradability and total bacterial counts. Sunflower oil (i.e., SO) at 1–3%, SA at 1–2%, and SASO at 1–2% were the most efficacious in the nutrition of goats, compared with SO at 1 to 2 in steers. The results suggest that Schizochytrium microalgae and sunflower oil could be a valuable means of sustainably mitigating CH4 and CO2 emissions for improved environmental conditions. Highlights: Schizochytrium algae and sunflower oil were used to alter ruminal fermentation. CH4 production differed between goat and steer inoculums. Additives decreased CH4 production. Additives increased ruminal bacteria and decreased protozoal number. The level 2% was the optimal level for all additives.