Cigarette smoking and hormones. Issue 4 (August 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Marom-Haham, Lilach; Shulman, Adrian
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in obstetrics and gynecology. Volume 28:Issue 4(2016:Aug.)
• Page Start: 230
• Page End: 235
• Publication Date: 2016-08
• Subjects: cotinine -- estrogen -- lifestyle -- nicotine; Obstetrics -- Periodicals; Gynecology -- Periodicals; Genital Diseases, Female -- Indexes; Genital Diseases, Female -- Periodicals; Obstetrics -- Indexes; Obstetrics -- Periodicals; Review Literature -- Periodicals; 618.005
• DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000283
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1040-872X

Abstract

Abstract : Purpose of review: The purpose is to provide a summary of the effects of cigarette smoking on steroid hormone metabolism and how it affects female fertility. Recent findings: Components of tobacco smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons lead to transcriptional upregulation of a number of genes, including members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, in particular CYP1B1 and CYP1A1. In humans, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are the primary enzymes catalyzing the 2-hydroxylation of estradiol. This pathway shunts available estrogen away from the more estrogenically potent 16α-hydroxylation to the production of catechol estrogens, mainly 2 and 4 hydroxyestradiol. Summary: Smoking has multiple effects on hormone secretion and metabolism. These effects are mainly mediated by the pharmacological action of tobacco alkaloids (nicotine and its metabolite cotinine). A strong body of evidence indicates that the negative effects of cigarette smoking on fertility compromises nearly every system involved in the reproductive process.