Extreme rainfall and snowfall alter responses of soil respiration to nitrogen fertilization: a 3‐year field experiment. (31st January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chen, Zengming; Xu, Yehong; Zhou, Xuhui; Tang, Jianwu; Kuzyakov, Yakov; Yu, Hongyan; Fan, Jianling; Ding, Weixin
• Is Part Of: Global change biology. Volume 23:Number 8(2017)
• Page Start: 3403
• Page End: 3417
• Publication Date: 2017-01-31
• Subjects: autotrophic respiration -- extreme precipitation -- heterotrophic respiration -- nitrogen fertilization -- nongrowing season -- soil respiration -- soil waterlogging -- spring thaw; Climatic changes -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Troposphere -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Biodiversity conservation -- Periodicals; Eutrophication -- Periodicals; 551.5
• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13620
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1354-1013

Abstract

Abstract: Extreme precipitation is predicted to be more frequent and intense accompanying global warming and may have profound impacts on soil respiration ( Rs ) and its components, that is, autotrophic ( Ra ) and heterotrophic ( Rh ) respiration. However, how natural extreme rainfall or snowfall events affect these fluxes are still lacking, especially under nitrogen (N) fertilization. In this study, extreme rainfall and snowfall events occurred during a 3‐year field experiment, allowing us to examine their effects on the response of Rs, Rh, and Ra to N supply. In normal rainfall years of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, N fertilization significantly stimulated Rs by 23.9% and 10.9%, respectively. This stimulation was mainly due to the increase of Ra because of N‐induced increase in plant biomass. In the record wet year of 2013/2014, however, Rs was independent on N supply because of the inhibition effect of the extreme rainfall event. Compared with those in other years, Rh and Ra were reduced by 36.8% and 59.1%, respectively, which were likely related to the anoxic stress on soil microbes and decreased photosynthates supply. Although N supply did not affect annual Rh, the response ratio (RR) of Rh flux to N fertilization decreased firstly during growing season, increased in nongrowing season and peaked during spring thaw in each year. Nongrowing season Rs and Rh contributed 5.5–16.4% to their annual fluxes and were higher in 2012/2013 than other years due to the extreme snowfall inducing higher soil moisture during spring thaw. The RR of nongrowing season Rs and Rh decreased in years with extreme snowfall or rainfall compared to those in normal years. Overall, our results highlight the significant effects of extreme precipitation on responses of Rs and its components to N fertilization, which should be incorporated into models to improve the prediction of carbon‐climate feedbacks. Abstract : In normal rainfall years, N fertilization stimulated total soil respiration by increased autotrophic respiration. Soil respiration was unresponsive to N fertilization in a record wet year due to reduction in both autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration by extreme rainfall. Extreme snowfall stimulated nongrowing season soil respiration but reduced its response to N fertilization.