Clinical Features and Outcomes of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Matched Case-Control Study. Issue 22 (May 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kim, Taeeun; Hong, Sun In; Park, Se Yoon; Jung, Jiwon; Chong, Yong Pil; Kim, Sung-Han; Lee, Sang-Oh; Kim, Yang Soo; Woo, Jun Hee; Lim, Young-Suk; Sung, Heungsup; Kim, Mi-Na; Choi, Sang-Ho
• Editors: Wang., Shih-Min
• Is Part Of: Medicine. Volume 95:Issue 22(2016)
• Page Start: e3796
• Publication Date: 2016-05
• Subjects: Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine -- Périodiques; Geneeskunde; Medicine; Periodicals; Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003796
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0025-7974

Abstract

Abstract : Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract : Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a well-known cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients. However, little information is available regarding clinical characteristics and outcomes of SBP caused by S. pneumoniae . It has been suggested that spontaneous pneumococcal peritonitis (SPP) often spreads hematogenously from concomitant pneumococcal pneumonia, and is associated with a higher rate of mortality. During the period between January 1997 and December 2013, 50 SPP cases were identified. These cases were then age/sex-matched with 100 patients with SBP due to causes other than S. pneumoniae (controls). SPP accounted for 4.3% (50/1172) of all culture-proven SBPs. The baseline Child-Pugh class, etiology of cirrhosis, and model for end-stage liver disease scores were comparable for the 2 groups. SPP patients were more likely than control patients to have a community-acquired infection (90.0% vs. 76.0%; P = 0.04), concurrent bacteremia (84.0% vs. 59.0%; P = 0.002), and to present with variceal bleeding (10.0% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.02). None of the study patients had pneumococcal pneumonia. The most common initial empirical therapy for both groups was third-generation cephalosporins (96.0% vs. 91.0%; P = 0.34) which was active against a significantly higher proportion of the cases than of the controls (97.8% vs. 78.7%; P = 0.003). Thirty-day mortality was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (10.0% vs. 24.0%; P = 0.04). SPP was not associated with pneumococcal pneumonia and showed lower mortality than SBP caused by other organisms. However, the present study was constrained by the natural limitations characteristic of a small, retrospective study. Therefore, large-scale, well-controlled studies are required to demonstrate the influence of SPP on mortality, which was marginal in the present study.