The associative brain at work: Evidence from paired associative stimulation studies in humans. Issue 11 (November 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Suppa, A.; Quartarone, A.; Siebner, H.; Chen, R.; Di Lazzaro, V.; Del Giudice, P.; Paulus, Walter; Rothwell, J.C.; Ziemann, U.; Classen, J.
• Is Part Of: Clinical neurophysiology. Volume 128:Issue 11(2017:Nov.)
• Page Start: 2140
• Page End: 2164
• Publication Date: 2017-11
• Subjects: AD Alzheimer's dementia -- APB Abductor Pollicis Brevis -- AP anterior-to-posterior -- BCM Bienenstock-Cooper-Munroe -- BDNF Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor -- BCI brain-computer interface -- CPN common peroneal nerve -- cTBS continuous theta burst stimulation -- DBS deep brain stimulation -- ESM ethosuximide -- GABA γ-aminobutyric acid -- HD Huntington's disease -- iTBS intermittent theta burst stimulation -- ISI interstimulus interval -- LAI long-afferent inhibition -- LIDs L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias -- LICI long-interval intracortical inhibition -- LTP long-term potentiation -- LTD long-term depression -- M1 primary motor cortex -- MCI mild cognitive impairment -- MEP motor evoked potential -- MN median nerve -- MS Multiple Sclerosis -- NMDA N-Methyl-D-aspartate -- NDP nimodipine -- PA posterior-to-anterior -- PAS paired associative stimulation -- PD Parkinson Disease -- RMT resting motor threshold -- rTMS repetitive TMS -- S1 primary somatosensory cortex -- SEP somatosensory evoked potential -- SICI short-interval intracortical inhibition -- SNP single nucleotide polymorphism -- STDP spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity -- TA tibialis anterior -- TBS theta burst stimulation -- TDCS transcranial direct current stimulation -- TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation -- VGCC voltage-gated Ca2+-channels; Paired associative stimulation -- Primary motor cortex -- Plasticity -- STDP; Neurophysiology -- Periodicals; Electroencephalography -- Periodicals; Electromyography -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.08.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1388-2457

Abstract

Highlights: PAS induces LTP/LTD-like plasticity non-invasively in the human motor cortex. PAS discloses abnormal plasticity in several neurological disorders. Evidence from "modified PAS" protocols promotes future applications in neuromorphic circuits. Abstract: The original protocol of Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) in humans implies repetitive cortical and peripheral nerve stimuli, delivered at specific inter-stimulus intervals, able to elicit non-invasively long-term potentiation (LTP)- and long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity in the human motor cortex. PAS has been designed to drive cortical LTP/LTD according to the Hebbian rule of associative plasticity. Over the last two decades, a growing number of researchers have increasingly used the PAS technique to assess cortical associative plasticity in healthy humans and in patients with movement disorders and other neuropsychiatric diseases. The present review covers the physiology, pharmacology, pathology and motor effects of PAS. Further sections of the review focus on new protocols of "modified PAS" and possible future application of PAS in neuromorphic circuits designed for brain-computer interface.