Nuclear weapons produced 236U, 239Pu and 240Pu archived in a Porites Lutea coral from Enewetak Atoll. (November 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Froehlich, M.B.; Tims, S.G.; Fallon, S.J.; Wallner, A.; Fifield, L.K.
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental radioactivity. Volume 178/179(2017)
• Page Start: 349
• Page End: 353
• Publication Date: 2017-11
• Subjects: 236U -- Pu isotopes -- 240Pu/239Pu -- 236U/239Pu -- Porites Lutea coral -- Accelerator mass spectrometry; Radioactivity -- Periodicals; Radiation, Background -- Periodicals; Radioecology -- Periodicals; Radioactive pollution -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollutants -- Periodicals; Radioactive Pollutants -- Periodicals; Radioactivity -- Periodicals; Radioécologie -- Périodiques; Pollution radioactive -- Périodiques; Fond de rayonnement -- Périodiques; 539.752
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.05.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0265-931X

Abstract

Abstract: A slice from a Porites Lutea coral core collected inside the Enewetak Atoll lagoon, within 15 km of all major nuclear tests conducted at the atoll, was analysed for 236 U, 239 Pu and 240 Pu over the time interval 1952-1964 using a higher time resolution than previously reported for a parallel slice from the same core. In addition two sediment samples from the Koa and Oak craters were analysed. The strong peaks in the concentrations of 236 U and 239 Pu in the testing years are confirmed to be considerably wider than the flushing time of the lagoon. This is likely due to the growth mechanism of the coral. Following the last test in 1958 atom concentrations of both 236 U and 239 Pu decreased from their peak values by more than 95% and showed a seasonal signal thereafter. Between 1959 and 1964 the weighted average of the 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio is 0.124 ± 0.008 which is similar to that in the lagoon sediments (0.129 ± 0.006) but quite distinct from the global fallout value of ∼0.18. This, and the high 239, 240 Pu and 236 U concentrations in the sediments, provides clear evidence that the post-testing signal in the coral is dominated by remobilisation of the isotopes from the lagoon sediments rather than from global fallout. Highlights: A Porites Lutea coral from Enewetak Atoll was analysed for 236 U and 239, 240 Pu. Two sediment samples from the Koa and Oak craters were measured as well. The 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio between 1959 and 1964 is 0.124 ± 0.008. The post-nuclear Pu ratio is quite distinct from the global fallout value of ∼0.18. After the last test in 1958 236 U and 239 Pu show seasonal oscillation.