Brain renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. (November 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Huber, Gianna; Schuster, Franziska; Raasch, Walter
• Is Part Of: Pharmacological research. Volume 125(2017:Nov.)Part A
• Page Start: 72
• Page End: 90
• Publication Date: 2017-11
• Subjects: ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme -- ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone -- Ang(1–7) angiotensin (1–7) -- AngII angiotensin II -- AngIII angiotensin III -- AngIV angiotensin IV -- ANP atrial natriuretic peptide -- AOGEN angiotensinogen -- APA aminopeptidase A -- APN aminopeptidase N -- ARB angiotensin receptor blocker -- BBB blood brain barrier -- BP blood pressure -- CNS central nervous system -- CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone -- CSAR cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex -- CVD cardiovascular disease -- CVO circumventricular organs -- eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase -- HPA hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal -- HR heart rate -- icv intracerebroventricular -- MAP mean arterial pressure -- MrgD Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor -- NE norepinephrine -- NTS nucleus of the solitary tract -- PVN paraventricular nucleus -- RAS renin–angiotensin system -- RVLM rostral ventrolateral medulla -- RSNA renal sympathetic nerve activity -- SFO subfornical organs -- SHR spontaneously hypertensive rat -- SNA sympathetic nerve activity -- SNS sympathetic nervous system -- SON supraoptic nuclei -- WKY Wistar Kyoto rats; Angiotensin II -- Angiotensin III -- Angiotensin (1–7) -- Brain renin-angiotensin system -- Cardiovascular disease -- Hypertension; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Médicaments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Pharmacologie -- Périodiques; 615.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.06.016
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-6618

Abstract

Graphical abstract: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade. stimulation; inhibition; Abbreviations: A779 Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-d -Ala, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; APA aminopeptidase A; AngI Angiotensin I; APB aminopeptidase B; APN aminopeptidase N; DIZE diminazene aceturate; D-PRO d-Pro 7 -angiotensin(1–7); NEP neutral endopeptidase (neprilysin); PEP prolylendopeptidase; Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the main causes of death globally and in this context hypertension represents one of the key risk factors for developing a CVD. It is well established that the peripheral renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure (BP). All components of the classic RAS can also be found in the brain but, in contrast to the peripheral RAS, how the endogenous RAS is involved in modulating cardiovascular effects in the brain is not fully understood yet. It is a complex system that may work differently in diverse areas of the brain and is linked to the peripheral system by the circumventricular organs (CVO), which do not have a blood brain barrier (BBB). In this review, we focus on the brain angiotensin peptides, their interactions with each other, and the consequences in the central nervous system (CNS) concerning cardiovascular control. Additionally, we present potential drug targets in the brain RAS for the treatment of hypertension.