Transitions in European land-management regimes between 1800 and 2010. (December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jepsen, Martin Rudbeck; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Müller, Daniel; Erb, Karlheinz; Verburg, Peter H.; Haberl, Helmut; Vesterager, Jens Peter; Andrič, Maja; Antrop, Marc; Austrheim, Gunnar; Björn, Ismo; Bondeau, Alberte; Bürgi, Matthias; Bryson, Jessica; Caspar, Gilles; Cassar, Louis F.; Conrad, Elisabeth; Chromý, Pavel; Daugirdas, Vidmantas; Van Eetvelde, Veerle; Elena-Rosselló, Ramon; Gimmi, Urs; Izakovicova, Zita; Jančák, Vít; Jansson, Ulf; Kladnik, Drago; Kozak, Jacek; Konkoly-Gyuró, Eva; Krausmann, Fridolin; Mander, Ülo; McDonagh, John; Pärn, Jaan; Niedertscheider, Maria; Nikodemus, Olgerts; Ostapowicz, Katarzyna; Pérez-Soba, Marta; Pinto-Correia, Teresa; Ribokas, Gintaras; Rounsevell, Mark; Schistou, Despoina; Schmit, Claude; Terkenli, Theano S.; Tretvik, Aud M.; Trzepacz, Piotr; Vadineanu, Angheluta; Walz, Ariane; Zhllima, Edvin; Reenberg, Anette;
• Is Part Of: Land use policy. Volume 49(2015:Aug.)
• Page Start: 53
• Page End: 64
• Publication Date: 2015-12
• Subjects: Land-use change -- Long-term socio-ecological research -- Land-management regimes -- Institutional change -- Technological innovation -- Policy -- Path dependency; Land use -- Periodicals; Land use -- Government policy -- Periodicals; Sol, Utilisation du -- Périodiques; Sol, Utilisation du -- Politique gouvernementale -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 333.7305
• DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-8377

Abstract

Highlights: We examined the evolution of European land management over the past 200 years. The study was based on 28 country-level narratives on drivers of land use-change. 7 land-management regimes were identified along with their drivers. Land reforms and technological innovations were major drivers of regime change. Land-system changes should be conceived as path-dependent processes. Abstract: Land use is a cornerstone of human civilization, but also intrinsically linked to many global sustainability challenges—from climate change to food security to the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Understanding the underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers of land-use change, and how they play out in different environmental, socio-economic and cultural contexts, is therefore important for identifying effective policies to successfully address these challenges. In this regard, much can be learned from studying long-term land-use change. We examined the evolution of European land management over the past 200 years with the aim of identifying (1) key episodes of changes in land management, and (2) their underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers. To do so, we generated narratives elaborating on the drivers of land use-change at the country level for 28 countries in Europe. We qualitatively grouped drivers into land-management regimes, and compared changes in management regimes across Europe. Our results allowed discerning seven land-management regimes, and highlighted marked heterogeneity regarding the types of management regimes occurring in a particular country, the timing and prevalence of regimes, and the conditions that result in observed bifurcations. However, we also found strong similarities across countries in the timing of certain land-management regime shifts, often in relation to institutional reforms (e.g., changes in EU agrarian policies or the emergence and collapse of the Soviet land management paradigm) or to technological innovations (e.g., drainage pipes, tillage and harvesting machinery, motorization, and synthetic fertilizers). Land reforms frequently triggered changes in land management, and the location and timing of reforms had substantial impacts on land-use outcomes. Finally, forest protection policies and voluntary cooperatives were important drivers of land-management changes. Overall, our results demonstrate that land-system changes should not be conceived as unidirectional developments following predefined trajectories, but rather as path-dependent processes that may be affected by various drivers, including sudden events.