Live virus vaccines based on a yellow fever vaccine backbone: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment. Issue 1 (1st January 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Monath, Thomas P.; Seligman, Stephen J.; Robertson, James S.; Guy, Bruno; Hayes, Edward B.; Condit, Richard C.; Excler, Jean Louis; Mac, Lisa Marie; Carbery, Baevin; Chen, Robert T.
• Is Part Of: Vaccine. Volume 33:Issue 1(2015)
• Page Start: 62
• Page End: 72
• Publication Date: 2015-01-01
• Subjects: Vaccines -- Yellow fever vaccine -- Viral vector -- Brighton Collaboration -- Risk/benefit assessment -- Vaccine safety; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-410X

Abstract

Highlights: The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) evaluates vaccine safety. Many recombinant viral vectored vaccines are in advanced clinical trials. A template is presented for evaluating live recombinant flavivirus vaccines in which genes for envelope proteins have replaced the corresponding genes in yellow fever virus vaccine. The template can be used as a model for other live recombinant viral vaccines. Abstract: The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) was formed to evaluate the safety of live, recombinant viral vaccines incorporating genes from heterologous viruses inserted into the backbone of another virus (so-called "chimeric virus vaccines"). Many viral vector vaccines are in advanced clinical trials. The first such vaccine to be approved for marketing (to date in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines) is a vaccine against the flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis (JE), which employs a licensed vaccine (yellow fever 17D) as a vector. In this vaccine, two envelope proteins (prM-E) of YF 17D virus were exchanged for the corresponding genes of JE virus, with additional attenuating mutations incorporated into the JE gene inserts. Similar vaccines have been constructed by inserting prM-E genes of dengue and West Nile into YF 17D virus and are in late stage clinical studies. The dengue vaccine is, however, more complex in that it requires a mixture of four live vectors each expressing one of the four dengue serotypes. This vaccine has been evaluated in multiple clinical trials. No significant safety concerns have been found. The Phase 3 trials met their endpoints in terms of overall reduction of confirmed dengue fever, and, most importantly a significant reduction in severe dengue and hospitalization due to dengue. However, based on results that have been published so far, efficacy in preventing serotype 2 infection is less than that for the other three serotypes. In the development of these chimeric vaccines, an important series of comparative studies of safety and efficacy were made using the parental YF 17D vaccine virus as a benchmark. In this paper, we use a standardized template describing the key characteristics of the novel flavivirus vaccine vectors, in comparison to the parental YF 17D vaccine. The template facilitates scientific discourse among key stakeholders by increasing the transparency and comparability of information. The Brighton Collaboration V3SWG template may also be useful as a guide to the evaluation of other recombinant viral vector vaccines.