Large piezoelectric effect of (Ba, Ca)TiO3–xBa(Sn, Ti)O3 lead-free ceramics. Issue 4 (March 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhu, Li-Feng; Zhang, Bo-Ping; Zhao, Lei; Li, Shun; Zhou, Yang; Shi, Xin-Chao; Wang, Ning
• Is Part Of: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. Volume 36:Issue 4(2016)
• Page Start: 1017
• Page End: 1024
• Publication Date: 2016-03
• Subjects: Lead-free piezoceramics -- Phase structure -- Piezoelectricity -- Barium titanate; Ceramic materials -- Periodicals; Composite materials -- Periodicals; Matériaux céramiques -- Périodiques; Composites -- Périodiques; Ceramic materials; Composite materials; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 666.05
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.11.039
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0955-2219

Abstract

Abstract: (Ba0.9 Ca0.1 )TiO3 – x Ba(Sn0.2 Ti0.8 )O3 ceramics (abbreviated as BCT- x BST) were obtained and the relationships among phase structure, energy barrier and piezoelectric properties were studied. Their phase structures are tetragonal ( T )–orthorhombic ( O ) coexistence at 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, rhombohedral ( R )– O – T multiphase coexistence at x = 0.45 and R phase or R -cubic ( C ) two-phase coexistence at 0.50 ≤ x ≤ 0.60, respectively. The energy barrier of polarization rotations and extension for R–O and O–T two-phase coexistence as well as R–O – T multiphase one was analyzed by the conservation law of energy and Landau–Devonshire theory. Because of extremely low energy barrier for polarization rotation and extension, high piezoelectric coefficients d 33 = 630 pC/N, k p = 0.52 and the lower E C = 0.81 kV/cm were achieved at x = 0.45 which has R–O–T multiphase coexistence. These results confirm that the low energy barrier for polarization rotation and extension at R – O – T multiphase coexistence composition is beneficial to enhance the d 33 value. The high piezoelectric property also indicates that BCT– x BST ceramics are a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.