Mechanosensing in liver regeneration. (November 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Song, Ziwei; Gupta, Kapish; Ng, Inn Chuan; Xing, Jiangwa; Yang, Yi An; Yu, Hanry
• Is Part Of: Seminars in cell & developmental biology. Volume 71(2017)
• Page Start: 153
• Page End: 167
• Publication Date: 2017-11
• Subjects: AMOT Angiomotin -- cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate -- DLC1 deleted in liver cancer 1 -- ECM extracellular matrix -- eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase -- FA focal adhesion -- HGF hepatocyte growth factor -- HSC shepatic stellate cells -- ILK integrin linked kinase -- LSECs liver sinusoidal endothelial cells -- KO knockout -- MRTF myocardin-related transcription factor -- NO nitric oxide -- PH xpartial hepatectomy -- PKG-1 cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 -- PECAM-1 platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule -- Rho-GAP Rho-GTPase activating proteins -- ROCK Rho associated protein kinase -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- RTK receptor tyrosine kinase -- TGF-β transforming growth factor-β -- VEGF2 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 -- YAP yes-associated protein; Mechanosensing -- Mechanotransduction -- Shear stress -- Actomyosin -- YAP; Cytology -- Periodicals; Developmental biology -- Periodicals; 571.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.041
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1084-9521

Abstract

Abstract: Liver is highly regenerative as it can restore its function and size even after 70% partial hepatectomy. During liver regeneration, the mechanical and chemical environment of liver is altered with accumulation of various growth factors and remodeling of extracellular environment. Cells can sense the changes in their cellular environment through various chemo and mechanosensors present on their surfaces. These changes are then transduced by initiation of multiple signaling pathways. Traditional view of liver regeneration describes the process as a cascade of chemical signaling pathways. In this review, we describe the role of mechanical forces and mechanosensing in regulating liver regeneration with focus on the role of altered shear and extracellular matrix environment following injury. These mechanosensing mechanisms either generate molecular signals that further activate downstream signaling pathways such as YAP or directly transduce mechanical signals by regulating actomyosin cytoskeleton. These signals travel to the decision center such as nucleus to switch cell fate and activate functions needed in liver regeneration, e.g. proliferation of various hepatic cell types, differentiation of hepatic stem cells, extracellular matrix remodeling and termination signals that regulate the regenerated liver size. Different mechanical and chemical signals coordinate intracellular chemical signaling pathways leading to robust liver regeneration.