The mechanisms tumor cells utilize to evade the host's immune system. (November 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kuol, Nyanbol; Stojanovska, Lily; Nurgali, Kulmira; Apostolopoulos, Vasso
• Is Part Of: Maturitas. Volume 105(2017)
• Page Start: 8
• Page End: 15
• Publication Date: 2017-11
• Subjects: Programmed death-ligand 1 -- Indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase -- Siglec-9 -- Major histocompatibility complex -- Tumor escape; Climacteric -- Periodicals; Menopause -- Periodicals; Climacteric -- Periodicals; Geriatrics -- Periodicals; Menopause -- Periodicals; Middle Aged -- Periodicals; Climatère -- Périodiques; Ménopause -- Périodiques; Climacterium; Climacteric; Menopause; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 612.66
• DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.014
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-5122

Abstract

Highlights: Tumor cells utilize strategies to evade host's immunity. Tumor cells spread via utilizing such strategies PD-L1, IDO, siglec-9 are upregulated by tumor cells to escape host's immune system. Tumor cells downregulate MHC class I to escape CD8+ T cell lysis. IL-10, PGE2 and TGF-beta downregulate immune responses. TAMs, CAFs, TILs, MDSCs and TANs promote tumor progression. Abstract: The immune system plays an essential role in the tumor progression; not only can it inhibit tumor growth but it can also promote tumor growth by establishing a favorable environment. Tumor cells utilize several strategies to evade the host's immune system, including expression of immunosuppressive molecules such as PD-L1, IDO and siglec-9. In addition, tumor cells not only regulate the recruitment and development of immunosuppressive forces to influence the tumor microenvironment but also shift the phenotype and function of normal immune cells from a possibly anti-tumor state to a pro-tumor state. As a result, tumor cells evade the host's immune system, leading to metastasis and/or recurrent disease.