Mediation analysis for a survival outcome with time‐varying exposures, mediators, and confounders. (15th August 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lin, Sheng‐Hsuan; Young, Jessica G.; Logan, Roger; VanderWeele, Tyler J.
• Is Part Of: Statistics in medicine. Volume 36:Number 26(2017)
• Page Start: 4153
• Page End: 4166
• Publication Date: 2017-08-15
• Subjects: longitudinal studies -- mechanism investigation -- mediation analysis -- path analysis -- survival -- time varying; Medical statistics -- Periodicals; Statistique médicale -- Périodiques; Statistiques médicales -- Périodiques; 610.727
• DOI: 10.1002/sim.7426
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0277-6715

Abstract

Abstract : We propose an approach to conduct mediation analysis for survival data with time‐varying exposures, mediators, and confounders. We identify certain interventional direct and indirect effects through a survival mediational g‐formula and describe the required assumptions. We also provide a feasible parametric approach along with an algorithm and software to estimate these effects. We apply this method to analyze the Framingham Heart Study data to investigate the causal mechanism of smoking on mortality through coronary artery disease. The estimated overall 10‐year all‐cause mortality risk difference comparing "always smoke 30 cigarettes per day" versus "never smoke" was 4.3 (95% CI = (1.37, 6.30)). Of the overall effect, we estimated 7.91% (95% CI: = 1.36%, 19.32%) was mediated by the incidence and timing of coronary artery disease. The survival mediational g‐formula constitutes a powerful tool for conducting mediation analysis with longitudinal data.