Conflict Dynamics and Feedback: Explaining Change in Violence against Civilians within Conflicts. Issue 5 (3rd September 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Raleigh, Clionadh; Choi, Hyun Jin
• Is Part Of: International interactions. Volume 43:Issue 5(2017)
• Page Start: 848
• Page End: 878
• Publication Date: 2017-09-03
• Subjects: civil war -- vector autoregression -- rebel -- political militia -- violence against civilians; International relations -- Research -- Periodicals; 327
• DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2017.1235271
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0305-0629

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Conflicts are complex, dynamic processes wherein the frequency and intensity of violence changes throughout the contest. In this article, we explore the temporal dynamics of two long-term civil wars—DR-Congo and Sudan—to identify systematic and random conditions that lead to changes in civilian targeting. Violence committed by rival political actors, territorial exchange, and the number and addition of violent agents strongly shape the likelihood that civilian targeting events and casualties increase or decrease over time. General and country differences emerge from vector autoregression analysis to suggest that (1) three types of violent agents—rebels, militias, and the government—are locked in spirals of violence where violence against civilians by one actor leads to subsequent violence by another actor; (2) rebels and government forces respond to the other side's acquisition of contested territory by increasing counterattacks on civilians, specifically in DR-Congo; and (3) increasing numbers of active nonstate agents lead to higher violence rates in the following months. Among these, civilian targeting by rival actors triggers the most follow-on violent events against civilians.