HIV/neuroAIDS biomarkers. (October 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rahimian, Pejman; He, Johnny J.
• Is Part Of: Progress in neurobiology. Volume 157(2017:Oct.)
• Page Start: 117
• Page End: 132
• Publication Date: 2017-10
• Subjects: Aβ42-β amyloid of 42 kiloDaltons -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- APP amyloid precursor protein -- ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- BOLD blood oxygen level-dependent contrast imaging -- cART combination anti-retroviral therapy -- CBF cerebral blood flow -- CHO choline -- CNS central nervous system -- Cr creatine -- CSF fluid -- CT computerized tomography -- CXCL-10 interferon gamma-induced protein 10 -- DTI diffusion tensor imaging -- FA fractional anisotropy -- fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging -- GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein -- GM grey matter -- HAD HIV-associated dementia -- HAND HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders -- HIV immune deficiency virus -- HIVE HIV encephalitis -- IF intermediate filament -- IFN-γ interferon γ -- IL-1β interleukin-1β -- IL-6 interleukin-6 -- IL-8 interleukin-8 -- IL-10 interleukin-10 -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MCMD mild cognitive and motor disorder -- MCP-1 monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 -- MD mean diffusion -- MI myoinositol -- MIP-1 macrophage inflammatory protein -- miRNA microRNA -- MRI magnetic resonance imaging -- MS multiple sclerosis -- MRS magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- MTR magnetization transfer imaging -- NAA N-acetylaspartate -- NF neurofilament protein -- PLA2 phospholipase A2 -- PLC phospholipase C -- PMBC peripheral blood mononuclear cells -- PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors -- PrPC protease resistant protein cellular isoform -- p-Tau hyperphosphorylated Tau protein -- S100B calcium binding protein B -- sAPP soluble amyloid precursor protein -- sCD14 soluble CD14 -- sCD163 soluble CD163 -- SIV simian immune deficiency virus -- sPrPC soluble protease resistant protein, cellular isoform -- TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor α -- t-Tau total Tau protein -- WM white matter -- YKL-40 human cartilage glycoprotein 39; HIV/neuroAIDS -- Biomarkers -- CSF -- Blood -- Neuroimaging; Neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurobiologie -- Périodiques; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-0082

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: HIV infection often causes neurological symptoms including cognitive and motor dysfunction, which have been collectively termed HIV/neuroAIDS. Neuropsychological assessment and clinical symptoms have been the primary diagnostic criteria for HIV/neuroAIDS, even for the mild cognitive and motor disorder, the most prevalent form of HIV/neuroAIDS in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Those performance-based assessments and symptoms are generally descriptive and do not have the sensitivity and specificity to monitor the diagnosis, progression, and treatment response of the disease when compared to objective and quantitative laboratory-based biological markers, or biomarkers. In addition, effects of demographics and comorbidities such as substance abuse, psychiatric disease, nutritional deficiencies, and co-infection on HIV/neuroAIDS could be more readily determined using biomarkers than using neuropsychological assessment and clinical symptoms. Thus, there have been great efforts in identification of HIV/neuroAIDS biomarkers over the past two decades. The need for reliable biomarkers of HIV/neuroAIDS is expected to increase as the HIV-infected population ages and their vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease increases. Currently, three classes of HIV/neuroAIDS biomarkers are being pursued to establish objective laboratory-based definitions of HIV-associated neurologic injury: cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, blood biomarkers, and neuroimaging biomarkers. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge in the field of HIV/neuroAIDS biomarker discovery.