Antibiofilm activity of Vetiveria zizanioides root extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (September 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kannappan, Arunachalam; Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj; Srinivasan, Ramanathan; Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha; Ravi, Arumugam Veera
• Is Part Of: Microbial pathogenesis. Volume 110(2017)
• Page Start: 313
• Page End: 324
• Publication Date: 2017-09
• Subjects: Antibiofilm -- Clinical isolates -- FT-IR -- MRSA -- V. zizanioides; VREX Vetiveria zizanioides root extract -- MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -- SEM scanning electron microscopy -- CLSM confocal laser scanning microscopy -- XTT 2, 3-Bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro- 5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide -- MSCRAMMs Microbial Surface Components Recognize Adhesive Matrix Molecules; Pathogenic microorganisms -- Periodicals; Pathology, Molecular -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- microbiology -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- parasitology -- Periodicals; Micro-organismes pathogènes -- Périodiques; Pathologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.9041
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.016
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0882-4010

Abstract

Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading human pathogen responsible for causing chronic clinical manifestation worldwide. In addition to antibiotic resistance genes viz. mecA and vanA, biofilm formation plays a prominent role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus by enhancing its resistance to existing antibiotics. Considering the role of folk medicinal plants in the betterment of human health from the waves of multidrug resistant bacterial infections, the present study was intended to explore the effect of Vetiveria zizanioides root on the biofilm formation of MRSA and its clinical counterparts. V. zizanioides root extract (VREX) showed a concentration-dependent reduction in biofilm formation without hampering the cellular viability of the tested strains. Micrographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) portrayed the devastating impact of VREX on biofilm formation. In addition to antibiofilm activity, VREX suppresses the production of biofilm related phenotypes such as exopolysaccharide, slime and α-hemolysin toxin. Furthermore, variation in FT-IR spectra evidenced the difference in cellular factors of untreated and VREX treated samples. Result of mature biofilm disruption assay and down regulation of genes like fnbA, fnbB, clfA suggested that VREX targets these adhesin genes responsible for initial adherence. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of sesquiterpenes as a major constituent in VREX. Thus, the data of present study strengthen the ethnobotanical value of V. zizanioides and concludes that VREX contain bioactive molecules that have beneficial effect over the biofilm formation of MRSA and its clinical isolates. Highlights: Biofilm formation is the major cause of bacterial pathogenesis and its drug resistance. V. zizanioides root extract (VREX) deflates the biofilm formation of MRSA and its clinical strains. At MBIC, VREX reduces the synthesis of virulence factors which was evidenced by FT-IR analysis. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of sesquiterpenes as major constituents in the VREX. Down regulation of adhesion genes portrays the action mechanism of VREX.